关于论辩风格的新思考  

Examining Argumentative Style:A New Theoretical Perspective

作　　者：弗朗斯·H.凡·埃默伦 汪建峰(译)[2] Frans H.van Eemeren;Wang Jianfeng

机构地区：[1]江苏大学国际论辩研究院,江苏镇江212013 [2]福建师范大学外国语学院,福州350007

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2021年第1期19-30,共12页Contemporary Rhetoric

摘　　要：在弗朗斯·H.凡·埃默伦看来,论辩的风格主要有三层含义:其一,话题选择的维度,是指论辩者就立场、出发点以及论述或其他论述步骤所做的选择;其二,受众要求的维度,是指论辩者对论述步骤加以调适,使之与目标受众或读者的观念和价值体系贴近;其三,呈现维度,是指论辩者充分运用一些言语或非言语手段以推进论述步骤。这意味着,相较于语言风格的流行见解,论辩风格的语义显然更为广阔和具体。在论辩话语中,论辩风格这三层意思分别体现于三个论辩手段之中,它们是指分析性概览即所采取的论述步骤,论述套路即论辩者所选择的维护己方立场的论辩路径,以及论辩谋略即为了实现这一目的所要涉及的策略性考虑。为了说明三者在论辩实践中的具体含义,弗朗斯·H.凡·埃默伦讨论了论辩风格三个维度的不同特征,其依据是两个基本理论范畴,即分离式论辩风格和嵌入式论辩风格。二者在论辩话语中有迹可循,所有论辩风格都可以说是此二者衍生而来的变体。According to Frans van Eemeren,argumentative styles always have three dimensions: the choice of standpoints,starting-points,arguments or other argumentative moves that are made( topical choice dimension),the adjudgments of the argumentative moves to the frame of reference and preferences of the intended listeners or readers( audience demand dimension),and the use of certain verbal or non-verbal means in advancing the argumentative moves( presentational dimension). This means that the notion of argumentative style is more encompassing and at the same time more specific than the more familiar notion of linguistic style. The three dimensions of argumentative style manifest themselves in argumentative discourse in the argumentative means employed in making the argumentative moves( analytic overview),the dialectical routes chosen in defending the standpoints at issue( argumentative pattern) and the strategic considerations brought to bear in this endeavour( strategic design). Van Eemeren explains what this means in practice by discussing the distinctive features of the three dimensions of argumentative style in tw o general categories of argumentative styles that can regularly be encountered,in one variant or other,in argumentative discourse: detached argumentative styles and engaged argumentative styles.

关 键 词：论辩风格 受众要求维度 分离式论辩风格 嵌入式论辩风格 语用-辩证论辩理论 呈现维度 话题选择维度 论辩谋略 

分 类 号：H051[语言文字—语言学]