Crowdsourcing in health and medical research:a systematic review  

作　　者：Cheng Wang Larry Han Gabriella Stein Suzanne Day Cedric Bien-Gund Allison Mathews Jason JOng Pei-Zhen Zhao Shu-Fang Wei Jennifer Walker Roger Chou Amy Lee Angela Chen Barry Bayus Joseph D.Tucker 

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health,Guangzhou,China [3]Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,USA

出　　处：《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》2020年第1期96-96,共1页贫困所致传染病（英文）

基　　金：This study was commissioned by the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases.This project was also supported by NICHD UG3HD096929 and NIAID K24AI143471.

摘　　要：Background:Crowdsourcing is used increasingly in health and medical research.Crowdsourcing is the process of aggregating crowd wisdom to solve a problem.The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize quantitative evidence on crowdsourcing to improve health.Methods:We followed Cochrane systematic review guidance and systematically searched seven databases up to September 4th 2019.Studies were included if they reported on crowdsourcing and related to health or medicine.Studies were excluded if recruitment was the only use of crowdsourcing.We determined the level of evidence associated with review findings using the GRADE approach.Results:We screened 3508 citations,accessed 362 articles,and included 188 studies.Ninety-six studies examined effectiveness,127 examined feasibility,and 37 examined cost.The most common purposes were to evaluate surgical skills(17 studies),to create sexual health messages(seven studies),and to provide layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)out-of-hospital(six studies).Seventeen observational studies used crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills,finding that crowdsourcing evaluation was as effective as expert evaluation(low quality).Four studies used a challenge contest to solicit human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)testing promotion materials and increase HIV testing rates(moderate quality),and two of the four studies found this approach saved money.Three studies suggested that an interactive technology system increased rates of layperson initiated CPR out-ofhospital(moderate quality).However,studies analyzing crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills and laypersoninitiated CPR were only from high-income countries.Five studies examined crowdsourcing to inform artificial intelligence projects,most often related to annotation of medical data.Crowdsourcing was evaluated using different outcomes,limiting the extent to which studies could be pooled.Conclusions:Crowdsourcing has been used to improve health in many settings.Although crowdsourcing is effective at improving behavioral out

关 键 词：Crowdsourcing INNOVATION Challenge contest Systematic review MEDICINE HEALTH 

分 类 号：R51[医药卫生—内科学]