不同秸秆还田方式对玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Returning Methods on Maize Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：栾天浩[1] 刘云强[2] 高阳 孙孟琪 王楠[1] 梁烜赫[1] 赵鑫[1] 刘浩然 陈宝玉[1] 王洪君[1] LUANTianhao;LIU Y unqiang;GAO Yang;SUN Mengqi;WANG Nan;LIANG Xuanhe;ZHAO Xin;LIU Haoran;CHEN Baoyu;WANG Hongjun(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AJfairs,Changchun 130033;Liaoning Agricultural Technical College,Yingkou 115009;Baicheng Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extention Station,Baicheng 137000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院/农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033 [2]辽宁农业职业技术学院,辽宁营口115009 [3]白城市农业机械化技术推广站,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2020年第6期64-67,77,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0300807);吉林省中青年科技创新领军人才及团队项目(20200301032RQ);农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室开放基金(KLAE201802-02)。

摘　　要：通过田间定位试验对东北平原西部春玉米区不同秸秆还田方式的可行性进行系统评价,与常规耕作相比较,探究秸秆旋混和秸秆覆盖还田方式对玉米产量、土壤理化性质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:两种秸秆还田方式较常规种植方式具有较好的增产效果,秸秆覆盖耕作方式增产9.84%,秸秆旋混耕作方式增产8.01%;秸秆覆盖耕作方式有效提升了土壤肥力,碱解氮提升4.97%、有效磷提升67.17%、速效钾提升12.33%、全氮提升6.28%、全磷提升14.74%、全钾提升0.98%、pH降低1.83%、有机质提升7.55%,同时减少了土壤温室气体的排放;两种秸秆还田方式与常规种植方式比较,具有较好的经济效益,秸秆覆盖耕作方式增收21.21%,秸秆旋混耕作方式增收10.60%。综上所述,秸秆还田结合覆盖与旋混耕作方式可在该区域适当推广。In this paper, the feasibility of different straw mulching methods in the western spring maize area of the northeast plain was systematically evaluated through field positioning test. Compared with conventional tillage, the effects of straw mulching and straw mulching methods on maize yield, soil physical and chemical properties and economic benefits were investigated. The results showed that: compared with the conventional grown,the two methods of straw returning had better yield-increasing effect,with the increase of 9.84% in straw mulching and 8.01% in straw rotary mixing;the way of straw mulching could effectively improve soil fertility,with the increase of hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of 4.97%,67.17%,12.33%,6.28% and 14.74%,respectively. Total potassium increased by 0.98%,pH decreased by 1.83%,organic matter increased by 7.55%. Compared with conventional planting methods,the two straw returning methods had better economic benefits with 21.21% increase in revenue of straw mulching cultivation method and 10.60% increase in revenue of straw rotary mixing cultivation method,which could be properly promoted in this area.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 产量 土壤理化性质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]