马铃薯健株与黄萎病株根际土壤真菌群落结构及其对碳源利用特征  

Characterization of Fungal Community Structure in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Diseased-Verticillium Wilt Potato Plants and Carbon Source Utilization

作　　者：赵卫松[1] 郭庆港[1] 苏振贺 王培培[1] 董丽红[1] 胡卿 鹿秀云[1] 张晓云[1] 李社增[1] 马平[1] ZHAO WeiSong;GUO QingGang;SU ZhenHe;WANG PeiPei;DONG LiHong;HU Qing;LU XiuYun;ZHANG XiaoYun;LI SheZeng;MA Ping(Plant Protection Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/IPM Centre of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071000,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第2期296-309,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200601);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503109);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新工程(1-02-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究马铃薯健康植株与黄萎病株的根际土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性的差异,明确土壤真菌群落结构与黄萎病发生之间的关系,为最终从微生物生态学的角度解释马铃薯黄萎病的发生原因及其生态防控提供理论依据。【方法】以河北省坝上地区马铃薯健株与黄萎病株的根际土壤为研究对象,分别利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)和高通量测序(Illumina MiSeq)技术检测根际土壤中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)ITS基因拷贝数量并分析真菌群落结构变化,结合冗余分析(RDA)明确真菌群落结构与土壤养分的相关性。同时利用Biolog-ECO平板法比较健株与黄萎病株根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。【结果】马铃薯黄萎病的发生与土壤中大丽轮枝菌ITS基因拷贝数量存在相关性,在病株根际土壤中病原菌数量高,而在健株根际土壤中未检测到病原菌。高通量测序分析表明,病株根际土壤真菌多样性指数低于健康植株,但多样性差异不显著。在群落组成的门水平上,与健株根际土壤相比,病株根际土壤中的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和丝孢菌门(Mortierellomycota)相对丰度上升幅度分别为20.68%和16.16%,而担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度下降51.43%。在属水平上,病株根际土壤中轮枝菌属(Verticillium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、维希尼克氏酵母属(Vishniacozyma)、红酵母属(Rhodotorula)和芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)的相对丰度呈上升趋势,增加倍数分别为71.96、3.62、6.11、15.38和6.24倍,而小不整球壳属(Plectosphaerella)、Guehomyces、葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌群的相对丰度下降幅度分别为45.10%、61.41%、96.87%、45.85%和44.39%。真菌群落组成与土壤养分的冗余分析(RDA)表明,健株根际土壤优势群落的相对丰度(如小不整球壳属、Guehomyces、葡萄穗霉属、赤霉属、曲霉属)与硝态氮、有机�【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the differences of the structure and functional diversity of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased potato plants,and to clarify the relationship between the structure of soil fungal community and the occurrence of verticillium wilt,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the final explanation of the causes of potato verticillium wilt and ecological control from the perspective of microbial ecology.【Method】The rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants of verticillium wilt of potato was collected from Bashang area in Hebei Province.The number of ITS gene copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR,and the structure of soil fungal communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing(Illumina MiSeq).The quantity of V.dahliae and the community of soil fungi were analyzed.The redundancy analysis(RDA)was used to determine the correlation between fungal community structure and soil nutrient.Meanwhile,the utilization capacity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of healthy and diseased plants to carbon source was compared by Biolog-Eco plate method.【Result】The occurrence of verticillium wilt of potato was related to the ITS gene copy number of V.dahliae in soil.The ITS gene copy number of pathogens was high in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants,but not detected in healthy plants.Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that the diversity index of fungi in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was lower than that of healthy plants,but the diversity difference was not significant.Compared with the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants,at phylum level,the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota was increased by 20.68%and 16.16%,respectively,while that of Basidiomycota was decreased by 51.43%.At genus level,the average relative abundance of Verticillium,Penicillium,Vishniacozyma,Rhodotorula and Cladosporium in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was increased by 71.96,3.62,6.11,15.38 and 6.24 ti

关 键 词：马铃薯黄萎病 大丽轮枝菌 根际土壤 真菌群落结构 高通量测序 土壤养分 Biolog技术 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S435.32[农业科学—农业基础科学]