各向异性岩石钻进用钻头和孔底装置的分析研究与探讨  

Analytical research and discussion about drill bit and borehole bottom device used for drilling in anisotropic formations

作　　者：汤凤林[1] 宁伏龙[1] 段隆臣[1] Чихоткин В.Ф. TANG Fenglin;NING Fulong;DUAN Longchen;CHIKHOTKIN V.F.(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《钻探工程》2021年第2期54-63,共10页Drilling Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“液动冲击回转作用下热压WC-Cu基孕镶金刚石钻头的磨损行为研究”(编号:41972327)。

摘　　要：钻探工程中会遇到各种岩石。按物理力学性质来说,岩石可分为均质(各向同性)和非均质(各向异性)的。多数情况下,在深孔钻进时,受地质条件的影响,岩石多是各向异性的。各向异性岩石的特点之一是,不同受力方向上的强度不同,因此钻孔容易弯曲,直接影响钻探效率和质量。俄罗斯科研人员对各向异性岩石中钻进时使用的钻头(如设计出了扇形块可移动钻头、定位导向钻头、椭圆形导向钻头、球状胎体铰接式钻头、水口宽度不同的钻头等)和孔底装置(如KCM孔底装置)进行了大量研究,取得了较好的效果,减少了钻孔弯曲,提高了钻进效率,值得我们参考。Different formations can be encountered in drilling engineering.According to the physical and mechanical properties they are classified as isotropic and anisotropic ones.And in most cases they are anisotropic due to the influence of complicated geological conditions.One of their features is different hardness in different directions of loading,leading to borehole deviation,hence compromising drilling rate and quality.Russian researchers have done a lot of research on drill bits and downhole devices used for drilling in the anisotropic formations and good results have been obtained which can provide reference for us in deep drilling.

关 键 词：各向异性岩石 钻孔弯曲 深孔钻进 钻头 孔底装置 钻进效果 

分 类 号：P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]