不同改良方法对盐碱土壤水盐运移效果的影响  

Effects of different improvers on water and salt migration in saline-alkali soil

作　　者：刘月 李孟钊 徐志杰 马晓蔚 宋依依 张金鹏 王世斌 高佩玲[1,2] LIU Yue;LI Mengzhao;XU Zhijie;MA Xiaowei;SONG Yiyi;ZHANG Jinpeng;WANG Shibin;GAO Peiling(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Universityof Science and Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China;College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Scienceand Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东淄博255000 [2]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第6期183-191,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41703099);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020ME251);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910433003)。

摘　　要：以取自山东省东营市的中度盐碱土为研究对象,为探究表层(0~20 cm)掺沙和掺生物炭处理对黄河三角洲地区盐碱土的改良效果,在室内进行了垂直一维积水入渗试验,分别研究两种方法对土壤水分入渗、土壤剖面含水率和含盐量的影响。试验土壤为中度盐碱土(含盐量2.381 g·kg^-1),试验共设置7个处理,分别是:CK(掺沙或生物炭0%)、S1(掺沙5%)、S2(掺沙10%)、S3(掺沙20%)、C1(掺生物炭0.5%)、C2(掺生物炭1%)、C3(掺生物炭2%)。结果表明:在相同入渗情况下,表层(0~20 cm)掺沙、生物炭均能提高盐渍化土壤中水分入渗效果,掺加生物炭显著提高添加层的蓄水能力,掺沙显著提高掺沙层以下土壤含水率,在土层20~40 cm中,掺沙处理平均土壤含水率比掺生物炭处理提高1.37%;不同改良剂处理下,掺沙更有利于盐碱化土壤脱盐,20%掺沙处理平均脱盐率比掺生物炭处理提高5.26%~13.80%,脱盐区深度增加2.35%~3.92%,达标脱盐区深度增加1.70%~3.00%。根据河沙和生物炭在室内一维垂直积水入渗试验结果来看,土壤表层掺沙能有效解决黄河三角洲地区盐碱化土壤问题,改善土壤水盐分布,为作物生长提供良好的生长环境。In order to explore the effects of surface(0~20 cm)sand-mixing and biochar treatment on saline-alkali soil improvement in the Yellow River Delta region,vertical one-dimensional water infiltration experiment was carried out indoors to study the effects of physical improvement method and biological improvement method on soil water infiltration,soil profile moisture content and salt content.Test for moderate saline-alkali soil(salt content 2.381 g·kg^-1),the test set to CK(mixed sand or biochar 0%),S1(mixed sand 5%),S2(mixed sand 10%),S3(mixed sand 20%),C1(mixed biochar 0.5%),C2(mixed biochar 1%),C3(mixed biochar 2%).The results showed that under the condition of same infiltration,surface(0~20 cm)mixed sand,biochar could improve the effect of salinization of soil moisture infiltration,mixed with biochar increased significantly the aded a layer of water storage capacity,mixing sand significantly increased under sand mixing layer.Soil moisture content in the soil of the 20~40 cm,mixed sand treatment increased by 1.37%than of mixed biochar treatment;Under the treatment of different modifiers,the addition of sand was more beneficial to the desalination of salinized soil.The average desalination rate of the 20%sediment treatment was 5.26%~13.80%higher than that of the biochar treatment,the depth of the desalination area was increased by 2.35%~3.92%,and the depth of the standard desalination area was increased by 1.70%~3.00%.According to the indoor one-dimensional vertical water infiltration test results of river sediment and biochar,the soil surface sediment mixing sand can effectively solved the problem of salinized soil in the Yellow River Delta Region,improved the distribution of soil water and salt,and provided a good environment for crop growth.

关 键 词：中度盐碱土 掺沙 掺生物炭 土壤水盐运移 一维代数模型 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]