超低排放燃煤电厂一次颗粒物和黑碳实时排放特征  

Real-time emission characteristics of primary particulate matter and black carbon from an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant

作　　者：刘晋宏 孔少飞[2] 冯韵恺 严沁 覃思 刘玺 牛真真 郑淑睿 吴方琪 姚立全 曾昕 燕莹莹 祁士华[1] LIU Jin-hong;KONG Shao-fei;FENG Yun-kai;YAN Qin;QIN Si;LIU Xi;NIU Zhen-zhen;ZHENG Shu-rui;WU Fang-qi;YAO Li-quan;ZENG Xin;YAN Ying-ying;QI Shi-hua(State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球化学》2021年第1期56-66,共11页Geochimica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFC0212602,2016YFA0602002);湖北省科技厅技术创新专项重大项目(2017ACA089);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830965);湖北省环保厅环保科研项目(2017HB11);中国地质大学(武汉)高层次人才科研启动经费(201616,201802);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目-腾飞计划(162301182756)。

摘　　要：燃煤电厂是大气一次污染物的重要排放源,其超低排放改造改变了大气颗粒物排放特征。为满足当前高时间分辨率排放清单构建的需要,燃煤电厂颗粒物实时排放质量浓度及关键组分比值亟需更新。本研究基于稀释通道采样系统,对某超低排放改造后的燃煤电厂开展实测,获得该燃煤电厂可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)、超细颗粒物(PM1.0)和黑碳(BC)的实时排放质量浓度,更新各污染物排放因子,分析PM1.0/PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5质量浓度比值(文中以上比值均为质量浓度比值)日变化。结果表明,上述污染物排放平均质量浓度分别为(5.0±6.0)mg/m^3、(5.0±5.9)mg/m^3、(4.9±5.9)mg/m^3和(36.6±28.3)μg/m^3;对应的排放因子分别为0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t和0.2 mg/kg。该燃煤电厂颗粒物排放质量浓度表现出明显的日间变化,高值时段(20:30至次日10:30)PM2.5平均质量浓度是低值时段(10:30~20:30)的12.2倍,推测可能与不同时段的污染控制措施效率变动有关。作为不完全燃烧的产物,黑碳排放高值时段(06:00~12:00和14:30~19:00)的质量浓度是低值时段(00:00~05:00)相应值的1.5~2.4倍,推测与煤的添加和锅炉燃烧效率有关。颗粒物及组分质量浓度的日变化在构建高时间分辨率排放清单时需予以考虑。本研究实测所得PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5比值分别为1.00±0.01和0.03±0.04,均远高于清单编制技术手册中推荐的燃煤电厂相应比值0.3和0.002,采用现有清单编制技术手册的相应比值可能低估了燃煤电厂细颗粒物和黑碳排放,需引起重视。Coal-fired power plants are important contributors to primary air pollutant emissions in China.With the transformation to ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants,the emission characteristics of particulate matter have changed.To establish emission inventories with high-time resolution,real-time emission data of particulate matter and ratios of specific species need to be accessible.In this study,based on a dilution sampling system,the real-time mass concentrations of PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0,and black carbon(BC)from a typical ultra-low emission retrofitted coal-fired power plant were monitored.Their emission factors were updated,and daily variations of PM1.0/PM2.5,PM2.5/PM10,and BC/PM2.5 were analyzed.Results showed that the average mass concentrations of the above pollutants were(5.0±6.0)mg/m^3,(5.0±5.9)mg/m^3,(4.9±5.9)mg/m^3 and(36.6±28.3)μg/m^3,respectively.The corresponding emission factors were 0.03 kg/t,0.03 kg/t,0.03 kg/t and 0.2 mg/kg,respectively.The mass concentrations of particulate matter showed obvious diurnal variation,with higher PM2.5 concentrations at 20:30-10:30 the next day,which was 12.2 times more than the values for the low value period(10:30-20:30).The reason may be related to changes in the efficiency of pollution control measures at different periods.As a product of incomplete combustion,the black carbon concentrations for the high-value period(06:00-12:00 and 14:30-19:00)were 1.5-2.4 times more than those for the low value period(00:00-05:00),which was presumably related to the addition of coal and the combustion efficiency of boilers.The diurnal variation of particulate matter and black carbon should be considered when establishing an emission inventory with high time resolution.The ratios of PM2.5/PM10 and BC/PM2.5 measured in this study were 1.00±0.01 and 0.03±0.04,respectively,which were both higher than their corresponding ratios of 0.3 and 0.002 recommended in the technical manual for inventory compilation of coal-fired power plants.The use of the corresponding ratios in the tech

关 键 词：超低排放燃煤电厂 一次颗粒物 黑碳 排放因子 BC/PM2.5比值 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学] X831[天文地球—地质学]