原子芯片的基本原理、关键技术及研究进展  

Fundamental principles,key enabling technologies,and research progress of atom chips

作　　者：李沫[1] 陈飞良[2] 罗小嘉 杨丽君 张健[1] Li Mo;Chen Fei-Liang;Luo Xiao-Jia;Yang Li-Jun;Zhang Jian(School of Electronic Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China;Institute of Electronic Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院,成都611731 [2]中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,绵阳621999

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第2期50-69,共20页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61875178);国家自然科学基金委员会-中国工程物理研究院(NSAF)联合基金(批准号:U1730126);科学挑战专题(批准号:TZ2018003-3)资助的课题.

摘　　要：飞速发展的激光冷却、囚禁与操控中性原子的理论和实验技术不仅促进了人们对微观物质运动规律的认知,而且在精密测量和量子信息领域催生了多项颠覆性的器件与应用.不同于传统复杂庞大的原子光学实验装置,原子芯片通过在硅等基底上制备的表面微纳结构或器件来精准控制磁场、电场或光场,从而在小尺度、低功耗条件下实现对原子的强束缚与相干操控,被认为是一种稳定、精确、功能及扩展性强大的原子及其量子态片上实验平台,具有广泛且重大的应用价值.本文首先简要回顾了原子芯片的发展历程,然后介绍了基于载流导线的微势阱及微导引实现原子芯片的基本原理,并着重讨论了基于载流导线的原子芯片制备技术、测试方法和集成的全链条关键实现技术.随后,本文综述了各国与原子芯片相关的研究计划布局和主要应用进展,指出原子芯片走向实用面临的挑战性问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望.The laser cooling,trapping and manipulating of neutral atoms has become a valuable tool for scientists,providing innovative ways to probe the nature of reality and giving rise to transformative devices in the fields of precise measurement and quantum information processing.Unlike traditional complex and bulky atomic experimental facilities,atom chips,through the design,fabrication of surface-patterned microstructures,and the integration of devices on the substrates,can precisely control the magnetic,electric or optical fields on a micronano scale with low power consumption.It can realize strong trapping as well as coherent atomic manipulation.Since atom chip was first proposed twenty years ago,it has built a robust quantum platform for miniaturizing and integrating quantum optics and atomic physics tools on a chip.In this paper,first,we briefly review the development history of atom chips,then introduce the basic knowledge of micro potential traps and micro guides based on on-chip current-carrying wires.Afterwards,the key technologies about the chip material,design,fabrication,characterization and integration of atom chips are discussed in detail.We not only focus on the currently most active and successful areas-current carrying wires,but also look at more visionary approaches such as to the manipulation of atoms with real nano structures,say,carbon nano tubes.The design and fabrication principles of ideal atom chips are discussed as well.In the forth part,the worldwide plans and research projects involving with atom chip technologies are summarized,showing that many countries see this as an important foundational technology.Following that,the major developments in the application fields including atom clocks,atom interferometer gyroscope,cold atom gravimeter,etc are described.Finally,the challenges faced by atom chips towards practical application are pointed out and the prospects for their subsequent development are depicted.

关 键 词：原子芯片 原子磁导引 冷原子 原子光学 

分 类 号：TN492[电子电信—微电子学与固体电子学] O562[理学—原子与分子物理]