龙脑之路——15~16世纪琉球王国香料贸易的一个侧面  

The Road of Borneol:An Aspect of the Spice Trade of Ryukyu Kingdom in the 15^(th) and 16^(th) Century

作　　者：中岛乐章[1] 吴婉惠(译) Nakajima Gakusho

机构地区：[1]日本九州大学文学部东洋史研究室 [2]广东省社会科学院海洋史研究中心

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2020年第2期97-109,共13页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：龙脑是马来群岛上赤道附近的野生龙脑树(Dryobalanops aramatica)的树脂凝结而成的一种天然结晶体,香气浓郁,自古便被当作名贵香药备受珍视。龙脑的产地主要在婆罗洲岛北部的沙捞越-浡泥地区、马来半岛东岸、苏门答腊岛西岸的巴鲁斯(Barus)国,婆罗洲北岸是最大的产地。龙脑在印度和西亚等地除作为焚香香料,也被当作涂抹在身体上的化妆香料、涂抹神像的香油香料以及饮食香料,需求广泛。The two main producing areas of borneol were the north coast of Borneo and west coast of Sumatra.In the 15 th century,there was a road of borneol in maritime Asia.The borneol produced in Borneo was transported to Malacca by brunei merchants and then provided to the Chinese market,and the borneol produced in Sumatra was transported to India and west Asia by Gujarat merchants.The borneol transported to Malacca was also transported to Naha by Ryukyu merchants,and then provided to Kinai market by Sakai merchants.Korea was a more important market for borneol than Japan.Korea got borneol through three ways:from Ming who obtained borneot via tributary trade with southeast Asian countries,from Chinese merchants in southeast Asian countries and from Japanese merchants in Tsushima and Hakata who obtained borneol from Ryukyu merchants.As the Sanpo Japanese Rebellion in Korea and the occupation of Malacca by Portugal,the borneol trade between Malacca and Korea via Ryukyu broke off.From the early 16 th century,the Ryukyu merchants opened up new routes to conduct the borneol trade with Brunei,by which Korea and Kinai market gain borneol.The new road of borneol was formed.

关 键 词：沙捞越 龙脑 婆罗洲 香药 马来半岛 琉球王国 香料贸易 16世纪 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学] F749[历史地理—世界史]