解读瑞典学者喜仁龙眼中的紫禁城  

The Forbidden City in the View of Swedish Scholar Osvald Sirén

作　　者：程枭翀[1] Cheng Xiaochong(Department of Architecture Her itage,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2020年第4期41-50,共10页Heritage Architecture

摘　　要：1922年,瑞典艺术史学家喜仁龙(Osvald Sirén)考察了包括紫禁城在内的多处皇家建筑,在此基础上出版了《中国北京皇城写真全图》。文章将喜仁龙的研究置于西方学者大规模考察中国这一时代背景下,结合其个人的研究方向和专长,厘清了他考察紫禁城的背景、经过和成果。通过解读喜仁龙的文字,展现了他所考证的中国城市史和建筑史,并还原了清帝退位但尚未出宫这一特殊时间段紫禁城建筑的面貌。通过梳理喜仁龙对紫禁城各单体建筑的描述,可知其关注的重点在于建筑的年代、功能和形制。将喜仁龙的研究与早期西方学者以及中国学者的探索进行对比,能够发现喜仁龙承前启后,对中国建筑史学体系的建构做出了重要贡献。另外,结合喜仁龙留下的92张反映紫禁城历史面貌的照片,文章通过今昔对比揭示了紫禁城近百年来的变迁。In 1922, Swedish scholar Osvald Sirén investigated a series of imperial buildings including the Forbidden City, and published The Imperial Palaces of Peking based on his research. Set in the historical background of Western scholars’ massive investigations on China, and combined with his research direction and expertise, this article clarifies the background, process and outcome of his investigations on the Forbidden City. Through interpretations of Osvald Sirén’s words, the author represents his texts on the architecture and urban history of China, reviving the appearance of buildings in the Forbidden City at the time when the Qing emperor abdicated but had not yet left the palace. Furthermore, Osvald Sirén’s descriptions of single buildings in the Forbidden City indicated that his concerns were the age, function and form. Compared with early Western and Chinese scholars, Sirén’s research serves as a link between the past and the future, and has made a great contribution to the construction of Chinese architectural history research system. In addition, this article shows a sharp contrast with the present through 92 pieces of historical photos taken by Sirén, revealing the changes of the Forbidden City in the past 100 years.

关 键 词：喜仁龙 紫禁城 西方学者 建筑史学研究 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计] TU-092[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]