施肥及采收方法对湘烟5号制种效果的影响  

Seed Production Efficiency of Xiangyan 5 by Different Fertilization and Harvesting Methods

作　　者：肖钦之 滕林娟 张双双 李小慧 秦凌 王贵 邓斌 王锡春 甘在德 卢朝军 崔国贤[3] XIAO Qinzhi;TENG Linjuan;ZHANG Shuangshuang;LI Xiaohui;QIN Ling;WANG Gui;DENG Bin;WANG Xichun;GAN Zaide;LU Chaojun;CUI Guoxian(Yongzhou Tobacco Monopoly Bureau,Hunan Tobacco Company,Yongzhou,Hunan 425000;Yongzhou Agricultural Science Rresearch Institute,Yongzhou,Hunan 425000;College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [2]永州市农业科学研究所,湖南永州425000 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第12期35-41,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：永州焦甜醇甜香型烤烟新品种选育资助项目[YZY(2020)16]。

摘　　要：为提高湘烟5号的制种效率提供科学依据,采用田间试验方法,研究不同施氮量与氮磷钾配比及采收方式对湘烟5号制种效果的影响。结果表明:1)不同施氮量与氮磷钾配比:施氮量与氮磷钾配比对湘烟5号种子的千粒重、产量、发芽势和发芽率的影响均具有协同作用,142.5 kg/hm^2与氮磷钾配比为1∶1∶3.0和157.5 kg/hm^2与氮磷钾配比为1∶1∶3.0的效果较好,苗期均比其余处理显著缩短2~3 d;千粒重、产量、发芽势和发芽率相对较高,分别为0.108 g和0.105 g、7.1 kg/667m 2和6.9 kg/667m 2、96.3%和96.5%、99.9%和99.6%;烟叶的叶绿素含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于127.5 kg/hm^2与氮磷钾配比为1∶1∶3.0,脯氨酸(Pro)含量相对较高,分别为30.26μg/g和31.41μg/g,丙二醛(MDA)含量相对较低,分别为1.51 nmol/L和1.49 nmol/L;上等烟率和中上等烟率最高,分别为63.22%和93.35%。2)采收方法:自然挂枝法优势较好,千粒重和产量最高,分别为0.1004 g和6.79 kg/667m 2;种子的发芽势和发芽率最高,分别为98.3%和99.7%;烟种子的色泽与均匀饱满度,常规法烤较差,自然挂枝法和分次采果法较好。施氮量142.5 kg/hm^2与N∶P 2 O 5∶K 2 O配比为1.0∶1.0∶3.0为最适宜组合,该组合施肥模式种子的产质量最优,萌发出苗时间更快,苗期缩短,烟苗抗性更强,烟叶化学成分更协调,品质更优,上等烟率和中上等烟率最高。In order to provide scientific basis for enhancing the seed production efficiency of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Xiangyan 5,a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of various nitrogen application rate,N∶P 2 O 5∶K 2 O ratio,and harvesting method on seed production efficiency of Xiangyan 5.Results:1)Different nitrogen application rate and the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium have a synergistic effect on the thousand-seed weight,yield,germination potential and germination rate of Xiangyan 5 seeds,142.5 kg/hm^2 application rate plus 1∶1∶3.0 of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and 157.5 kg/hm^2 application rate plus 1∶1∶3.0 of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium performed better,and the seedling stage is significantly shorter than other treatments by 2 to 3 days;Thousand-grain weight,yield,germination vigor and germination rate are relatively high,respectively 0.108 g and 0.105 g,7.1 kg/667m 2 and 6.9 kg/667m 2,96.3%and 96.5%,99.9%and 99.6%;The chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase of tobacco leaves(SOD),peroxide(POD),catalase(CAT)activities are significantly higher than 127.5 kg/hm^2 application rate plus 1∶1∶3.0 of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,the content of proline(Pro)is relatively high,30.26μg/g and 31.41μg/g,respectively.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)is relatively low,1.51 nmol/L and 1.49 nmol/L,respectively;The first-class and middle-class smoke rates are the greatest,respectively 63.22%and 93.35%.2)As forharvesting method,the natural branch-hanging method has better advantages,with the highest thousand-grain weight and yield,0.1004 g and 6.79 kg/667m 2,respectively;The germination potential and germination rate of the seeds are the highest,98.3%and 99.7%respectively;The color and uniform plumpness of tobacco seeds are poorer in conventional roasting,and better in natural branch-hanging and fruit picking methods.The optimum combination of nitrogen application rate of 142.5 kg/hm^2 and N∶P 2 O 5∶K 2 O ratio of 1.0∶1.0∶3.0 is the best.This combin

关 键 词：湘烟5号 良种繁育 制种技术 施肥 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]