游梁式抽油机节能技术综述  

Review of energy saving technologies for beam pumping units

作　　者：刘昕晖 李春爽 陈琳 王昕 LIU Xin-hui;LI Chun-shuang;CHEN Lin;WANG Xin(School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;E-propulsion Division,Shanghai Automobile Gear Works,Shanghai 201800,China;School of Mechanical and Industry Engineering,University of Toronto,Toronto M5T 1P7,Canada)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院,长春130022 [2]上海汽车变速器有限公司新能源驱动系统集成部,上海201800 [3]多伦多大学机械与工业工程学院,加拿大多伦多M5T 1P7

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2021年第1期1-26,共26页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51405183).

摘　　要：游梁式抽油机是陆上油田中主要的采油装备,其采油能耗占油田总能耗的三分之一,但局限于系统的结构和使用条件,抽油机电动机平均负载率都很低,用电效率平均在30%以下。针对上述问题,科技工作者们提出并尝试了大量新技术、新方法,这些技术改进提高了采油能源利用效率,但也存在局限性和技术风险。作者首先分析了抽油机系统能耗的主要来源,通过对比指出最具节能潜力的是电动机部分。进而对目前公开报导的关于提升电动机用电效率的相关研究进行了分类总结,将相关技术研究主要分为机械传动结构改进、电动机及其控制技术改进、增设节能装置三大方向,并对其中的各种技术方案进行了概括和分析。通过分析和对比,并结合目前海洋石油开采和页岩油气开采的大背景,提出了在传统抽油设备上增设节能装置将是未来一段时间内游梁式抽油机节能的最有效的技术方向,而其中的液压混合动力节能技术是一种优势较为明显的技术方案。Beam pumping units are main oil producing equipments in land-based oilfield.Oil producing energy consumption caused by beam pumping unit accounts for one third of the total energy consumption in oilfields.However,due to the structure of the system and operating conditions,the average load rate of pumping unit motor is very low,which is generally below 30%.In order to improve the utilization efficiency of oil recovery energy,many new technologies and methods have been put forward and tried by scientists and technicians,which have got good results;meanwhile,limitations and technical risks exist.Firstly,main sources of energy consumption are analyzed,and it is pointed out through comparison that the motors have the most potential in energy-saving.Then,the researches on improving electric efficiency of motor recently reported in public are classified and summarized.Relevant technical researches can be divided into three categories:(1)Improvement of mechanical transmission structure;(2)improvement of motor and its control technology;(3)adding energy-saving devices.Based on the background of offshore oil exploitation and shale oil and gas exploitation,through summarizing and analyzing various technical schemes,it is proposed that adding energy-saving devices to traditional pumping equipment will be the most effective technical direction for beam pumping units in the future.Among them,hydraulic hybrid energy-saving technology has more obvious advantages.

关 键 词：油气井工程 游梁式抽油机 节能 液压混合动力 综述 

分 类 号：TE933[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]