光学遥感卫星凝视成像姿态规划及快速仿真方法  

Attitude planning and fast simulation method for staring imaging of optical remote sensing satellite

作　　者：张刘[1] 张晓寒[1] 岳庆兴 刘念[3] 孙凯鹏[4] 孙杰[4] 范国伟 ZHANG Liu;ZHANG Xiao-han;YUE Qing-xing;LIU Nian;SUN Kai-peng;SUN Jie;FAN Guowei(College of Instrument and Electrical Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Chinese People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院,长春130012 [2]自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心,北京100048 [3]中国人民解放军战略支援部队北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [4]上海航天控制技术研究院上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2021年第1期340-348,共9页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0501000);国家自然科学基金项目(41701427);国防科工局国防基础科研重点突破项目(JCKY2018****036);装备预研领域基金项目(JZX7Y20190254047001);上海航天科技创新基金项目(SAST2018046);国防基础科研计划项目(JCKY2019110);吉林省优秀青年人才基金项目(20180520216JH)。

摘　　要：目前,遥感卫星凝视成像姿态规划通常只考虑横滚轴和俯仰轴,导致仿真图像出现小角度旋转,降低了视频成像质量;仿真过程多数未考虑仿真实时性,仿真时间过长,难以满足工程应用。针对上述问题,进行了修正图像旋转的偏航补偿,并提出了一种针对平坦地形的凝视成像快速仿真方法。首先,推导了对地凝视成像时航天器三轴姿态的计算公式;然后,基于中心投影建立了凝视成像的几何模型,并运用二维拉格朗日插值方法进行地球局部曲面重构;最后,进行了针对平坦地形凝视成像的仿真实验。仿真参数设置如下:轨道高度为526 km,相机焦距为1.45 m,像元尺寸为5.5μm。仿真结果表明,此仿真条件下姿态规划误差小于0.004 m;在不考虑高程变化的情况下,使用本文方法对地形平坦的目标区域进行成像仿真时,误差小于0.031个像素;相比于逐点计算的直接法,仿真时间减少了87%。At present,remote sensing satellite staring imaging attitude planning usually only considers the roll axis and the pitch axis,resulting in small angle rotation of the simulated image,reducing the video imaging quality. Also most of the simulation process does not consider the realtime simulation,that the simulation time is too long to meet the engineering requirements. To overcome the above problrms,in this paper,the yaw compensation for image rotation is corrected,and a fast simulation method for staring imaging for flat terrain is proposed. First,the formula for calculating the three-axis attitude of the spacecraft during ground staring imaging is deduced. Then,the geometric model of staring imaging is established based on the central projection,and the two-dimensional Lagrangian interpolation method is used to reconstruct the local surface of the earth. A simulation experiment for staring imaging of flat terrain was carried out. The simulation parameters were set to a track height of 526 km,a camera focal length of 1.45 m,and a pixel size of 5.5 μm. The simulation results show that the attitude planning error under this simulation condition is less than 0.004 m. When the elevation of the target area is simulated without considering the elevation change,the pixel error is less than 0.031. Compared with the direct method of point-by-point calculation,the simulation time is reduced by 87%.

关 键 词：凝视成像 姿态规划 快速仿真 二维插值 

分 类 号：V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]