基于花器官特征的新疆杏品种亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析  

Analysis Xinjiang Apricot Varieties Relationship Based on Floral Organ Characteristics

作　　者：王亚楠 李雯雯[1] 周伟权[1] 樊国全[2] 章世奎[2] 王亚桐 廖康[1] WANG Yanan;LI Wenwen;ZHOU Weiquan;FAN Guoquan;ZHANG Shikui;WANG Yatong;LIAO Kang(Research Center of Featured Fruit Trees,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Luntai National Fruit Germplasm Resources Garden of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Luntai Xinjiang 841600, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2021年第1期9-22,共14页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2016B01005-1);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究杏品种花器官表型特征及花粉微观特征差异,分析新疆杏品种遗传多样性及品种间亲缘关系,为新疆杏资源的评价、鉴定与利用提供参考依据。【方法】测定3个亚群(喀什亚群、和田亚群、库车亚群)中41个杏品种花器官表型特征,用扫描电镜观测花粉微观形态特征。计算21个表型性状的变异系数、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-weaver多样性指数。对其10个花器官性状及11个花粉微观特征性状进行聚类分析。【结果】当遗传距离为15.0时,3个亚群的41个品种可聚为4组,第I组有30个品种,包含和田亚群的木孜佳娜丽等10个品种,喀什亚群的细黑叶杏等11个品种,库车亚群的卡巴克西米西等8个品种;第II组有4个品种,包含和田亚群的洛浦洪待克、脆佳娜丽2个品种和库车亚群的黄其力干1个品种;第III组仅有库车亚群的克孜西米西1个品种;第IV组有粗黑叶杏等8个品种。当遗传距离为15.0时,来自3个亚群的41个品种聚为2组,第I组有36个品种,包含和田亚群的古木杏等13个品种,喀什亚群的乔尔胖等12个品种,库车亚群的卡巴克西米西等11个品种;第II组有叶城黑叶杏等5个品种。41个新疆栽培杏品种表型指标中孔频的遗传变异系数最大,花瓣数的遗传变异系数为1.85,遗传变异系数的变化幅度为1.85%~75.68%,平均值为16.18%;Shannon-weaver指数幅度为5.01~5.43,平均值为5.33;Simpson指数幅度为0.97~0.98,平均值为0.97。【结论】供试的41个新疆杏品种亲缘关系较近,且遗传多样性丰富,主要体现在花瓣颜色、花瓣形状、单花重、孔径、孔频这5个方面。21个表型指标中孔频的变异最大,其变异最丰富,花瓣数变异最小,其遗传稳定性较好。花瓣纵横径比值、单花重、花瓣颜色、花瓣形状、孔径和孔频是进行表型多样性观测时重要指标。【Objective】To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of flower organs and pollen microscopic characteristics of apricot varieties and to discuss the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among apricot varieties in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a reference for the evaluation,identification and utilization of apricot resources in Xinjiang.【Methods】The phenotypic characteristics of flower organs of 41 apricot varieties in three subpopulations(Kashi subgroup,Hetian subgroup,Kuche subgroup)were measured,field observation of phenotypic indicators of flower organs,and the microscopic morphological characteristics of pollen were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The coefficients of average,standard,coefficient of variation,Simpson diversity index and Shannon-weaver diversity index of indicators related to genetic diversity of 21 phenotypic traits were calculated.The cluster analyses of phenotypic characters of flower organs and 11 pollen microcharacteristic traits of 41 apricot varieties were conducted.【Results】The cluster analysis of flower organs showed that when the genetic distance was 15.0,the 41 varieties of the three subpopulations could be divided into four groups.There were 30 varieties in group I,including 10 varieties of Muzijianali in Hotan subgroup,11 varieties of Xiheiyexing in Kashi subgroup and 8 varieties of Kabakeximixi in Kuche subgroup;there were 4 varieties in group II,including 2 varieties of Luopuhongdaike,Cuijianali in Hotan subgroup and 1 variety of Huangqiligan in Kuche subgroup;only in group III In Kuqa subgroup,there were 1 variety of Keziximixi and 8 varieties of rough black leaf apricot in group IV.The results of cluster analysis of micro morphological characteristics of pollen showed that when the genetic distance was 15.0,41 varieties from three subgroups were grouped into two groups.There were 36 varieties in group I,including 13 varieties such as Gumuxing in Hetian subgroup,12 varieties such as Qiaoerpang in Kashi subgroup,11 varieties such as Kabakeximix

关 键 词：新疆杏品种 花器官表型性状 亲缘关系 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]