轻质油品储存过程中实际胶质生成的影响因素  

INFLUENCING FACTORS ON GUM FORMATION IN LIGHT OIL DURING STORAGE

作　　者：张足斌[1] 陈学研 王海琴[1] 曹琛 赵坤芳 杨亚吉 Zhang Zubin;Chen Xueyan;Wang Haiqin;Cao Chen;Zhao Kunfang;Yang Yaji(School of Pipeline and Civil Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580;Hebei OKet Environmental Science and Technology Company)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院,山东青岛266580 [2]河北澳科中意环保科技有限公司

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2021年第2期111-120,共10页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：针对不同加工方式下不同化学组成的油品,综述了油品组成、加工工艺和储存条件对油品胶质生成的影响。实际胶质的生成速率与烃族组成具有明显关系,其中烯烃影响最大。油品中的微量含氮化合物、硫及其衍生物、金属离子和不饱和烃相互反应,对胶质生成起到催化氧化作用并导致油品变色。油品中实际胶质含量还受到温度、氧含量、储存时间、光照、水含量、金属离子浓度等外界因素的影响。不同添加剂种类、加氢反应深度对油品实际胶质生成呈现抑制或促进的规律。胶质生成是多重因素综合作用的结果。通过加氢处理等新工艺,改善储存条件或加入适当添加剂,都可以达到减少实际胶质含量、延长油品储存时间的目的。鉴于氮含量对实际胶质含量的变化较为敏感,应关注油品中氮含量。由于玻璃钢储罐具有耐腐蚀、机械密封良好、保温性好、防紫外线等诸多优点,用于长期储存油品时,有利于提升其安定性。关于成品油安定性的研究与应用,一方面从反应动力学和胶体化学方面深入研究实际胶质的生成机理;另一方面加强储存油品质量分析,利用大数据和人工智能技术分析实际胶质含量的主要影响因素及对应规律,为实际应用提供理论支撑。This review intends to summarize the effects of oil compositions,type of process,and storage conditions on gum formation.The rate of gum formation has a significant relationship with the hydrocarbon compositions,among which olefins have the greatest effect.Traces of nitrogen-containing compounds,sulfur and its derivatives,metal ions and unsaturated hydrocarbons in fuels react with each other,playing a catalytic role on the gum formation and leading to color change.The gum content is also affected by external factors such as temperature,oxygen content,storage time,light,water content,and metal ion concentration.Different types of additives and the depth of hydrogenation reaction inhibit or promote the actual gum formation.It is proven that gum formation is the result of a combination of multiple factors.Hydrofining,improved storage conditions or adding appropriate additives can all decrease the rate of gum formation and extend the storage time of oil products.In view of the fact that nitrogen content is more sensitive to changes in actual colloidal content,attention should be paid to the nitrogen content in the oil.As fiber reinforced plastic storage tanks have many advantages,such as corrosion resistance,good mechanical seal,good thermal insulation,and UV protection.They are beneficial to improve oil stability when the tanks are used for long-term storage of oil products.Regarding the research and application of oil stability,on the one hand,we should have a good command of the mechanisms of gum formation from the aspects of reaction kinetics and colloidal chemistry;on the other hand,we should strengthen storage oil quality analysis and make use of big data and artificial intelligence technology to acquire the main influencing factors of gum formation so as to provide theoretical support for practical applications.

关 键 词：油品储存 加氢工艺 实际胶质 玻璃钢储罐 

分 类 号：TE81[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]