诈骗犯罪中“冒用他人名义”行为的民法效力依据  

The Civil Law Legal-Effect Basis for the Act of"Using the Name of Another Person" in the Crime of Fraud

作　　者：肖扬宇 Xiao Yangyu

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学法学与知识产权学院,广东广州510450

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第2期62-72,共11页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：南京李某“冒用他人名义”购买飞机延误险案的争论本质,是诈骗犯罪中“虚构事实”客观构成要件的“冒用他人名义”行为的界定问题。根据民法规则,“冒用他人名义”所表现的名义主体与实际行为主体的形式不符,并非当然地具有民事违法性,其民事法律效力应根据实质的二阶层路径进行评价。基于统一法秩序要求,刑法中的“冒用他人名义”认定应在民法二阶层评价基础上展开。具体而言,在主体资格特定的法律关系中“冒用他人名义”行为在具有民事违法性的基础上可能构成诈骗犯罪中的“虚构事实”;在主体资格开放性的法律关系中,单纯的“冒用他人名义”行为因不属于民事欺诈,而不能被认定为诈骗犯罪中的“虚构事实”。The essence of disputes over the case of"using others'names"to purchase aircraft delay insurance by Li of Nanjing is an issue of determining"using the name of another person"as"fabricating facts",i.e.an objective element of the crime of fraud.According to rules in civil law,the formal inconsistency between the nominal carrier and the actual actor shown in"using the name of another"is not necessarily illegal in civil law and its legal effect in civil law should be appraised according to the actual dual-structure approach.Based on the requirement of the unified legal order,"using the name of another person"in criminal law should be determined on basis of dual-structure appraisal of the civil law.Specifically speaking,in a legal relationship requiring the subject to have special qualification,the act of"using the name of another person"may constitute"fabrication of facts"in the crime of fraud on basis of its civil illegality;in the legal relationship without special requirement of the subject,the simple act of"using the name of another person"cannot be regarded as the"fabrication of facts"in the crime of fraud because it is not a civil fraud.

关 键 词：冒用他人名义 虚构事实 诈骗犯罪 民事欺诈 

分 类 号：DF625[政治法律—刑法学]