民国北京自杀救助中“先警后医”现象的逻辑考察  

Logical Investigation on the Phenomenon of Police First Doctor Later in Beijing Suicide Medical Assistance during the Republic of China

作　　者：刘长林[1] 雷乐街 LIU Chang-lin;LEI Le-jie(Department of History,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Marxism,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院历史系,上海200444 [2]安徽财经大学马克思主义学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《安徽史学》2021年第1期55-65,111,共12页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：北京市档案馆藏民国档案显示,自杀发生后,存在大量知情人首选报告警察,然后由警协同将自杀者送往医院进行急救的“先警后医”现象。医院与基层警察网络分布上空间距离差异,以及官、私医院在救治中公益与盈利的差别,是市民急救时在时间与经济成本方面的基本考量因素,而送医者家庭经济状况与急救的经济成本则是决策时的关键变量。北京现代警政制度的建立,警政职能的市政化,公立医院的设立,不但为市民应急求助提供了制度支撑,也为大量家庭及经济困难者挽救自杀者的生命提供了保障。这一历史现象表明,在自杀发生过程中及时急救,制止自杀死亡结果的出现,降低自杀率,建立以警方、医院为核心多方联动的自杀干预与救助体系是非常重要的。According to the archives of the archives of the People’s Republic of China in Beijing,after the suicide,a large number of insiders preferred to report the police,and then the suicide was sent to the hospital for treatment with the help of the police.This is the phenomenon of first police and post-medication.The difference in the spatial distance between the hospital and the grassroots police network,as well as the huge difference in the cost of treatment between public hospitals and private hospitals,is a basic consideration in terms of time and economic costs in the first aid of the citizens,while the family economic status and treatment costs of the patients are It is a key variable in decision making.The establishment of Beijing’s modern police system,the municipalization of police functions,and the establishment of public hospitals not only provide institutional support for citizens’emergency assistance,but also provide protection for the lives of a large number of families and people with financial difficulties to save suicides.This historical phenomenon shows that it is very important to promptly provide first aid in the process of suicide,stop the appearance of suicide deaths,reduce suicide rate,and establish a suicide intervention and rescue system with police and hospital as the core.

关 键 词：先警后医 自杀干预与救助 急救 警政制度 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]