胶州湾沿岸土壤重金属元素分布特征及其生态风险评价  

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils along the coast of Jiaozhou bay

作　　者：姚春卉 张春荣 李少勇 杨皓然 YAO Chunhui;ZHANG Chunrong;LI Shaoyong;YANG Haoran(The Fifth Prospecting Team of Shandong Coal Geology Bureau, Jinan 250100, China;College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China)

机构地区：[1]山东省煤田地质局第五勘探队,济南250100 [2]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2021年第1期112-120,共9页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：2019年度山东省煤田地质局科研专项(鲁煤地科字(2019)11号);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71303140,71403151)。

摘　　要：为探究胶州湾沿岸土壤重金属元素分布特征并对其进行生态风险评价,2019年5月采集胶州湾沿岸表层土壤样品34个、5个不同类型剖面土壤样品37个,运用富集系数、因子分析、潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index,RI)等方法对其进行分析。结果表明:除As外,表层土壤重金属元素的平均含量均高于青岛市土壤背景值;表层土壤重金属元素空间分布不均匀,其中黄岛区As高,青岛市、黄岛区、城阳区Cd高,胶州经济技术开发区Cr、Ni高,Cu、Pb、Zn高值区主要位于青岛市和黄岛区,青岛市Hg高;剖面土壤重金属元素差异较大,农田、湿地和工业区附近的剖面所有土壤重金属元素均受到明显影响,而河畔和轮渡附近的剖面则仅部分重金属元素受到影响;表层土壤重金属元素As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn受到人为因素的明显影响,而Cr、Ni则主要来源于自然来源;表层土壤重金属元素Cd、Cu、Hg的潜在生态风险较高,其多种重金属元素的综合潜在生态风险也高,因此应加强土壤生态的污染控制和治理,防止土壤生态进一步恶化。To study the spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils along the coast of Jiaozhou bay,34 surface soil samples and 37 soil samples in 5 different profiles were collected along the coast of Jiaozhou bay in May 2019,and the contents of heavy metals were analyzed in these soil samples.In addition,the heavy metals in these soil samples were analyzed by the methods of enrichment coefficient,factor analysis and potential ecological risk index(RI),etc.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in surface soils are exceeded the soil background value of Qingdao except As.The spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface soil is not uniform.The content of heavy metals in local surface soil is higher.Such as As in Huangdao,Cd in Qingdao,Huangdao and Chengyang,Cr and Ni in Jiaozhou,Cu,Pb and Zn in Qingdao and Huangdao,Hg in Qingdao.There are obvious differences in heavy metals in profile soils.Among them,all heavy metals in the soils of the profile which located in farmland,wetland and near the industrial district are significantly affected.However,only part of heavy metals in the soils of the profile which located near a river and a ferry are affected.The heavy metals As,Cd,Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn in surface soils should be obviously affected by human factors.While the heavy metals Cr and Ni in surface soils should mainly come from natural sources.The potential ecological risk of heavy metals Cd,Cu,Hg is higher.And the potential ecological risk of all heavy metals in the surface soils is also higher.So it is necessary to strengthen the pollution control and management of soil ecology to prevent further deterioration of soil ecology.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属元素 生态风险 胶州湾 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]