有机替代下华北平原旱地农田氨挥发的年际减排特征  

Substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure reduces ammonia volatilization in maize farmland in North China Plain

作　　者：张怡彬 李俊改 王震 戴孚岳 翟丽梅[1] 杨波[1] 王洪媛[1] 刘宏斌[1] ZHANG Yi-bin;LI Jun-gai;WANG Zhen;DAI Fu-yue;ZHAI Li-mei;YANG Bo;WANG Hong-yuan;LIU Hong-bin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;China Agricultural University Yantai Institute,Yantai,Shandong 261400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台261400

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972519);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019037,1610132016005)。

摘　　要：【目的】农田氨挥发是大气中氨的重要来源,其减排措施研究已成为国际研究热点。有机肥替代化肥的农田氨挥发减排潜力已得到广泛认可,然而年际间气候变化对其减排能力的影响研究报道较少。通过研究年际间有机替代对作物产量和氨挥发损失量的影响,为华北地区科学减少氨挥发损失提供理论依据【方法】本研究基于华北平原玉米长期田间定位试验(2007年设置),针对不同施肥处理开展了连续3年(2017—2019年)的氨挥发监测,以明确年际间气候变化对有机替代氨挥发减排潜力的影响强度。试验共设置4个处理:不施氮肥处理(PK)、单施化肥处理(NPK)、半量有机肥氮替代化肥氮处理(HONS)、全量有机肥氮替代化肥氮处理(FONS)。【结果】有机替代可以提高玉米产量,与NPK处理相比,HONS处理和FONS处理的玉米产量分别提高20.7%和30.9%。不同施氮处理的氮素偏生产力在35.6~46.7 kg/kg,与NPK处理相比,HONS处理和FONS处理的氮素偏生产力分别提高20.8%和30.9%。年际间和各处理间的氨挥发规律基本一致,都是在施肥后的第2~4天出现排放峰值,之后氨挥发速率逐渐降低,并在9天内基本趋于稳定。施肥后前9天是农田氨挥发的主要排放时期,氨挥发量占基肥期氨挥发总量的70.1%;占追肥期的63.7%。华北平原春玉米农田氨挥发损失量较低(10.6 kg/hm2),有机替代能够进一步显著降低农田氨挥发损失。与NPK处理相比,HONS和FONS处理对氨挥发损失的减排率平均分别可达33.5%和58.7%。有机替代处理农田氨挥发的年际间变化显著高于单施化肥处理。相比氨挥发损失较低的2019年,2018年NPK处理的氨挥发损失增加了12.3%,而HONS处理和FONS处理分别增加了91.2%和105.0%,相应的HONS处理和FONS处理的减排率,从2019年的54.3%和71.1%,降低到22.1%和47.2%。主成分分析表明,年际间大气温度变化和土壤湿度变化是导致年际间氨挥发�【Objectives】Ammonia volatilization in farmland contributes to the atmospheric ammonia,thus the need and methods for reducing ammonia volatilization in farmland have become part of the trending international research topics.Substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is a widely recognized method for reducing ammonia volatilization in farmland.The impact of inter-annual climate change on emission reduction capacity of organic fertilizers was studied in this paper.【Methods】This study was conducted in a long-term experimental maize field in North China Plain.The experiment commenced in 2007,and ammonia volatilization monitoring was conducted in three consecutive years(2017–2019).There were four treatments in the experiment,as:no N fertilizer(PK),single chemical fertilizer(NPK),half of the organic N replacing chemical fertilizer N(HONS),full amount of organic N replacing chemical fertilizer N(FONS).【Results】The substitution of chemical fertilizers with manure increased the maize yield.Compared with NPK treatment,HONS and FONS treatments increased the maize yield by 20.7%and 30.9%,respectively.The partial N productivity of the different treatments ranged from 35.6 to 46.7 kg/kg.Compared with NPK treatment,HONS and FONS treatments increased the partial N productivity by 20.8%and 30.9%,respectively.The ammonia volatilization pattern among years and treatments was the same,with the peak ammonia volatilization appeared in 2–4 days after fertilization,and then gradually decreased and stabilized within 9 days.About 70.1%and 63.7%of the total ammonia volatilization occurred in the first 9 days after basal application and topdressing of fertilizer,respectively.Compared with NPK treatment,HONS and FONS treatments reduced ammonia volatilization by average of 33.5%and 58.7%,respectively.The inter-annual change in ammonia volatilization in HONS and FONS treatments were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer.The ammonia volatilization in NPK treatment was 12.3%higher in 2018 than th

关 键 词：华北平原 有机氮替代 年际间差异 氨挥发损失量 作物产量 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]