花生主要碳代谢指标与根瘤固氮能力的关系  

Relationship between carbon metabolism indices of peanut leaves and nitrogen fixation ability of nodules

作　　者：郑永美[1] 周丽梅[2] 郑亚萍[1] 吴正锋[1] 孙学武[1] 于天一[1] 沈浦[1] 王才斌[1] ZHENG Yong-mei;ZHOU Li-mei;ZHENG Ya-ping;WU Zheng-feng;SUN Xue-wu;YU Tian-yi;SHEN Pu;WANG Cai-bin(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;Yantai Centre of Agricultural Technique Promotion,Yantai,Shandong 264001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第1期75-86,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801309);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702,2018YFJH0601-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较花生叶片碳代谢指标与根瘤固氮的关系,以寻找与根瘤固氮能力关系最为密切的叶片碳代谢指标,为花生育种提供可靠的判定方法。【方法】盆栽试验在山东省花生研究所莱西试验站进行,试验以19个花生品种(系)为材料,包括山东、河南、河北、四川等省份近年来审定或育成的品种(系),辅助利用15N示踪技术,测定了花生叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性及根瘤固氮量,分析了碳代谢各指标品种间的差异性及其与根瘤固氮能力的关系。【结果】1)不同品种叶绿素含量、净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性及根瘤固氮量均存在显著差异,其中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量变异系数均达12.0%以上,叶绿素a变异系数最大;净光合速率变幅为14.5~29.7μmol/(m^2·s),变异系数为21.5%,净光合速率最大值较平均值高36.9%;可溶性糖含量以日本千叶半蔓最高,较平均值高34.4%,约是可溶性糖含量最低品种日花1号的1.9倍;蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性变异系数分别为18.4%和24.3%,日本千叶半蔓蔗糖合成酶活性最高,豫花9326蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性最高;根瘤固氮量变异系数达20.0%以上,最大根瘤固氮量是最小根瘤固氮量的2.6倍。2)根瘤固氮量与碳代谢各指标均呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数达0.793~0.950,相关性大小依次为蔗糖合成酶活性>可溶性糖含量≈类胡萝卜素含量>蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性>总叶绿素含量≈叶绿素b含量>净光合速率>叶绿素a含量。【结论】花生叶片碳代谢特性和根瘤固氮能力不仅具有显著的遗传变异性,而且碳代谢与根瘤固氮呈密切正相关,碳代谢为根瘤固氮提供能量,而根瘤固氮为花生叶片提供氮素营养,二者共同调节花生碳氮代谢及营养平衡。叶片可溶性糖含量及蔗糖合成酶活�【Objectives】Comparison of the co-efficiencies of leaf carbon metabolism indices with the nitrogen fixation efficiencies of root nodules of different peanut cultivars would help choosing appropriate indices for the breeding of target peanut cultivars.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted in Laixi Experimental Station of Shandong Peanut Research Institute.A total of nineteen peanut(Arachis hypogaea)cultivars(lines)were used in the pot experiment,and 15N isotope tracing method was used to differentiate the nitrogen resources uptaken by peanuts.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rates,soluble sugar content,activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase,and amount of root nodule fixed N were measured.The relationship between the carbon metabolism indices and nitrogen fixation efficiency was analyzed.【Results】1)There were significant differences among testing peanut varieties in chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rates,soluble sugar content,activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase,and amount of fixed N by nodules.The variation coefficient of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids and total chlorophyll content were all above 12.0%,and that of chlorophyll a was the highest.The net photosynthetic rate was in rage of 14.5–29.7μmol/(m^2·s),with variation coefficient of 21.5%.The highest photosynthetic rate was 36.9%above the average value.The soluble sugar content of Ribenqianyebanman was the highest of the nineteen peanut cultivars,and was 34.4%above the average and 1.9 times of the lowest value of Rihua1.The variation coefficient of activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase were 18.4%and 24.3%,respectively.The highest sucrose synthase activity was determined in Ribenqianyebanman,and the highest sucrose phosphate synthase was in Yuhua 9326.The variation coefficient of nodule fixed N was over 20.0%,and the highest fixation was 2.6 times of the lowest one.2)The nodule fixed N amount had significant and positive linear correlations with the index

关 键 词：花生 叶片 碳代谢 根瘤固氮 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]