不同种植模式的橡胶林对白蚁多样性的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns of rubber forest on termite diversity

作　　者：袁浩 林小兵 夏尚文[1] 杨效东[1] 刘胜杰 YUAN Hao;LIN Xiao-bing;XIA Shang-wen;YANG Xiao-dong;LIU Sheng-jie(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Menglun 666303,Yunnan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang 330046,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐仑666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期182-189,共8页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877064,41977057);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019387).

摘　　要：土地利用变化是导致全球生物多样性丧失的一个重要因素.西双版纳地区面临着严峻的土地利用变化问题,大面积的自然林转变成了不同种植模式的橡胶林,并对该区域内的生物多样性产生了严重的影响.在西双版纳地区选取4种不同种植模式的橡胶林(橡胶−茶树混合林、橡胶−大叶千斤拔混合林、橡胶丛林和橡胶纯林)和自然林(对照)作为研究样地,调查白蚁多样性及其群落结构,探讨不同种植模式的橡胶林对白蚁的影响.研究结果表明:①共采集白蚁标本125821头,隶属于1科(白蚁科Termitidae)、6属、18种;②白蚁的物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数在自然林和不同种植模式橡胶林中的具体表现为自然林>橡胶纯林>橡胶−大叶千斤拔混合林>橡胶−茶树混合林>橡胶丛林,自然林的白蚁物种丰富度显著高于其他模式橡胶林,但是不同种植模式的橡胶林之间并没有显著差异;③白蚁群落结构表现为自然林与4种橡胶种植林都显著不同;橡胶−茶树混合林与橡胶丛林显著不同,而其它林型间无显著差异;④指示种的分析发现,自然林的白蚁指示物种为黄翅大白蚁和直鼻歧颚白蚁,橡胶−茶树混合林的指示物种为多毛近扭白蚁,其它林型无明显指示种.研究结果表明橡胶林的种植对白蚁的多样性和群落结构具有较大的负面影响,但是不同种植模式的橡胶林并没有显著的提高白蚁多度和多样性.在橡胶纯林中间作种植经济植物对白蚁的多样性和群落结构的影响值得进一步研究.Land-use change is a major driving factor of biodiversity loss.Xishuangbanna is facing severe landusing change problems,and a large area of natural forests conversing to rubber plantations leads to a drastic decrease in species diversity.To explore the different modes of rubber plantations affecting termite diversity,termite diversity and community structure were investigated in four types of rubber plantation and one nature forest.The results showed that:(1)125821 termite individuals were collected,which belonging to 18 species,6 genera,and 1 subfamilies of Termitidae.(2)The species richness and Shannon diversity index of termites in natural forests and rubber forests with different planting patterns were shown as follows:natural forest>monoculture rubber>rubber Moghania>rubber-tea polyculture>jungle rubber.The species richness of termite in natural forest was significantly higher than that in other rubber forests,but there was no significant difference between different rubber planting patterns.(3)The structure of termite community was as follows:the natural forest was significantly different from the four rubber plantation forests;Rubber-tea polyculture forest was significantly different from monoculture rubber forest,but there was no significant difference among other forest types.(4)The termite indicator species in nature forest were Macrotermes berneyi and Havilanditermes orthonasus,and Pericapritermes latignathus in rubber-tea plantation.The results show that the planting rubber has a great negative impact on the diversity and community structure of termites,but the rubber forests with different planting patterns does not significantly improve the termite abundance and diversity.It is suggested that the effect of intercropping economic plants in monoculture rubber forest on the diversity and community structure of termites deserves further study.

关 键 词：白蚁 橡胶林 土地利用变化 种植模式 白蚁群落结构 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]