返青期和盛草期牧场放牧的高山美利奴种公羊营养盈亏监测  

Nutritional Surplus or Deficiency Monitoring of Grazing Alpine Merino Breeding Rams in Regreening Stage and Growing Stage Pasture

作　　者：张树淼 赵志伟 孙晓萍[2] 王虎成[1] 李发弟[1] 杨博辉[2] ZHANG Shumiao;ZHAO Zhiwei;SUN Xiaoping;WANG Hucheng;LI Fadi;YANG Bohui(Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem of Lanzhou University,Institute of Ruminant Research,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science&Veterinary Pharmaceutics,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院反刍动物研究所,兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,兰州730050

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第1期409-419,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：中国农科院重大产出科研选题“高山美利奴羊新品种培育与产业化(CAAS-ZDXT2018006)”;国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系育种技术与方法专项(CARS-39-02);第二次青藏高原综合考察研究(2019QZKK0302)。

摘　　要：本研究通过对返青期和盛草期牧场放牧的高山美利奴种公羊进行营养监测,旨在掌握高山美利奴种公羊放牧地牧草营养物质的季节变化规律以及高山美利奴种公羊营养的盈缺,为其科学饲养提供理论依据。选择6只成年、健康、体重[(104.94±5.15)kg]相近的高山美利奴种公羊作为试验动物,采用粪袋全收粪和盐酸不溶灰分(AIA)结合法测定其在返青期和盛草期的采食量,采用模拟采食法采集牧草,并做植被调查。结果表明:1)盛草期牧草优势度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、地上生物量显著高于返青期牧草(P<0.05)。2)返青期牧草有机物含量显著高于盛草期牧草(P<0.05),盛草期牧草粗灰分、粗蛋白质含量显著高于返青期牧草(P<0.05)。3)盛草期高山美利奴种公羊的代谢能采食量、粗蛋白质采食量显著高于返青期(P<0.05),返青期高山美利奴种公羊的粗蛋白质消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率和酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于盛草期(P<0.05)。4)返青期高山美利奴种公羊的瘤胃pH显著高于盛草期(P<0.05),盛草期高山美利奴种公羊的瘤胃丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸比例显著高于返青期(P<0.05)。综上所述,盛草期牧草的生产力及营养品质均优于返青期牧草。返青期和盛草期高山美利奴种公羊的瘤胃微生物的氮利用效率均较高,但由于返青期牧草营养品质较差,使得瘤胃发酵效率较低。返青期和盛草期高山美利奴种公羊的代谢能采食量、粗蛋白采食量均严重不足。因此,在返青期和盛草期均需给高山美利奴种公羊补饲适量的能量和蛋白质饲料。This study was conducted to monitor the nutrient of grazing Alpine Merino breeding rams in regreening stage and growing stage pasture,to master the seasonal variation of forage nutrients in grazing land of Alpine Merino breeding rams and nutritional surplus or deficiency of Alpine Merino breeding rams,and to provide a theoretical basis for its scientific feeding.Six adult healthy Alpine Merino breeding rams with similar body weight of(104.94±5.15)kg were selected as experimental animals,the combination method of full collection of excrement bag and insoluble ash in hydrochloric acid was used to determine the intake of rams in regreening stage and growing stage pasture,the simulated feeding method was used to collect forage,and investigate the vegetation.The results showed as follows:1)the dominance index,diversity index,evenness index and aboveground biomass of forage in growing stage were significantly higher than those in regreening stage(P<0.05).2)The organic matter content of forage in regreening stage was significantly higher than that in growing stage(P<0.05),and the contents of ash and crude protein of forage in growing stage were significantly higher than those in regreening stage(P<0.05).3)The metabolic energy intake and crude protein intake of Alpine Merino breeding rams in growing stage were significantly higher than those in regreening stage(P<0.05),and the crude protein digestibility,neutral detergent fiber digestibility and acid detergent fiber digestibility of Alpine Merino breeding rams in regreening stage were significantly higher than those in growing stage(P<0.05).4)The rumen pH of Alpine Merino breeding rams in regreening stage was significantly higher than that in growing stage(P<0.05),and the proportions of butyric acid,isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid of Alpine Merino breeding rams in growing stage were significantly higher than those in regreening stage(P<0.05).In summary,the productivity and nutritional quality of forage in growing stage are superior to those in regreening stage.The n

关 键 词：高山美利奴种公羊 营养盈缺 返青期 盛草期 牧草生产力 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]