覆盖地膜和水肥一体化技术对花生生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology on Peanut Growth and Yield

作　　者：张艳艳[1] 李文金[1] 康涛[1] 张利民[1] 李海东[1] 陈建生[1] 张佳蕾[2] 张焕利[1] Zhang Yanyan;Li Wenjin;Kang Tao;Zhang Limin;Li Haidong;Chen Jiansheng;Zhang Jialei;Zhang Huanli(Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian 271000,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第1期52-56,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010702-7);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队建设专项(SDAIT-05-022-12)。

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以花生品种‘花育25号’为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,研究起垄种植(T1)、起垄种植+水肥一体化技术(T2)、起垄覆膜种植(T3)和起垄覆膜种植+水肥一体化技术(T4)四种种植模式对花生主茎高和侧枝长、单株绿叶面积、光合速率、干物质积累及分配和产量的影响。结果表明,结荚期和饱果期T2处理的花生侧枝长较大;单株绿叶面积与T3、T4处理无明显差异,明显高于T1处理;光合速率与T3和T4处理无明显差异,明显高于T1处理;干物质积累总量与T3处理无显著差异,显著高于T1处理;根和荚果干物质积累量与T3和T4处理无显著差异,显著高于T1处理,荚果干物质积累量占总干物质积累量的比例最高;百果重和出仁率最高,荚果产量和籽仁产量较高,与T3处理无显著差异,T4处理籽仁产量和荚果产量最高。综合看,覆盖地膜和水肥一体化技术均以不同的生理机制提高了花生产量;从保护环境的角度考虑,在减产不明显的条件下,可以考虑使用水肥一体化技术替代覆盖地膜种植花生。The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting patterns on main stem height,branch length,green leaf area per plant,photosynthetic rate,dry matter accumulation and allocation,and yield of Huayu 25.Four planting patterns were designed as ridge planting(T1),ridge planting combined with water and fertilizer integration technology(T2),ridging and plastic film mulching(T3),and ridging and plastic film mulching combined with water and fertilizer integration technology(T4).The results showed that the branch length of T2 treatment was higher.The green leaf area per plant of T2 treatment had no significant difference with that of T3 and T4 treatments,but was obviously higher than that of T1 treatment.The photosynthetic rate at pod-setting and pod-filling stages of T2 treatment had no significant difference with T3 and T4 treatments,but was significantly higher than that of T1 treatment.The total dry matter accumulation of T2 treatment had no significant difference with that of T3 treatment,but was significantly higher than that of T1 treatment;its dry matter accumulation of roots and pods also had no significant differences with that of T3 and T4 treatments,and also significantly higher than that of T1 treatment.The percentage of pod dry matter accumulation in total dry matter accumulation was the highest under T2 treatment.Under T2 treatment,one hundred-pod weight and kernel rate were the highest,pod yield and kernel yield were higher,and they were not significant different with those of T3 treatment.The kernel and pod yields were the highest under T4 treatment.In conclusion,mulching plastic film and water and fertilizer integration technology increased peanut yield through different physiological mechanisms.Considering environmental protection,the water and fertilizer integration technology could instead of mulching plastic film under the condition of no obvious yield reduction.

关 键 词：花生 地膜覆盖 水肥一体化 产量 生长发育 

分 类 号：S565.204[农业科学—作物学]