牛粪高温堆制过程中细菌和真菌多样性变化分析  

Analysis on Diversity Change of Bacterial and Fungal Communities during Cow Manure High-Temperature Compost

作　　者：岳寿松[1] 张玉凤[2] 边斐[1] 张燕[1] 陈高[1] 朱友峰[1] 王翠萍[1] Yue Shousong;Zhang Yufeng;Bian Feil;Zhan Yan;Chen Gao;Zhu Youfeng;Wang Cuiping(Bio-Tech Researck Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultaral Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Irstitute of Agricultural Resoures and Ertironmens,Shandong Acadeny of Agrieulaural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南252104 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南252124

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第1期57-63,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0501401);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017A01);2020年度山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目“功能型有机无机缓控释肥料产业化关键技术开发”

摘　　要：高温堆肥是规模化养殖条件下畜禽粪便无害化转化的重要途径,但堆制过程中微生物驱动机制并不清晰。本研究基于Illumina平台高通量测序技术,分析了牛粪发酵升温期(IM)、高温期(TH)、降温期(CO)和熟化期(MA)细菌和真菌种群的多样性变化。4个时期样本共得到965个细菌OTU和164个真菌OTU。细菌CO期和MA期的OTU数比IM期及TH期大幅度提高,真菌TH期和MA期的OTU数比IM期和CO期明显增加。与IM期比较,细菌门水平TH期、CO期和MA期Actinobacteria(放线菌门)相对丰度明显提高,而Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)和Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)相对丰度大幅度下降;真菌门水平TH期、CO期和MA期Ascomycota(子囊菌门)相对丰度明显提高,TH期Zygomycota(接合菌门)和Basidiomycota(担子菌门)相对丰度大幅度增加。细菌属水平菌群分析表明,与IM期相比,TH期、CO期和MA期Pedobacter(土地杆菌属)、Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属)、Psychrobacter(嗜冷杆菌属)相对丰度大幅度下降,TH期Sphingobacterium(鞘氨醇杆菌属)、Pseudoxanthomonas(假黄色单胞菌属)、Thermovum(嗜热菌属)和Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)相对丰度大幅度增加。TH期真菌属水平的优势菌群为Mortierella(被孢霉属)和Emericella(裸胞壳属)。综上,细菌和真菌的演替模式不同,二者共同驱动了高温腐熟进程。High-temperature composting of animal manures represents an important solution for livestock’s scale breeding industry.However,we know little about compost microbial dynamics in the composting process.Here,we used high-throughput sequencing approaches to assess the diversity and composition of both bacterial and fungal communities in cow manure compost processing during four phases:initial mesophilic(IM)phase,thermophilic(TH)phase,cooling(CO)phase,and maturing(MA)phase.A total number of965 OTUs(operational taxonomic units)of bacteria and 164 OTUs of fungi were obtained from the four phase samples.The OTUs of bacteria in CO and MA phases increased greatly compared with the IM and TH phases,and those of fungi in TH and MA phases increase obviously compared with the IM and CO phases.Bacterial and fungal communities responded to compost period.Specifically,bacterial communities in TH,CO and MA phases contained greater relative abundances of Actinobacteria,and lesser relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes compared with IM phase.Fungal communities in TH,CO and MA phases contained relative more Ascomycota,in addition,TH phase contained more relative abundances of Zygomycota and Basidiomycota.The dominant community Pedobacter,Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter showed much lower in relative abundance in TH,CO and MA phases compared with IM phase;the relative abundance of Sphingobacterium,Pseudoxanthomonas,Thermovum and Bacillus in TH phase rose massively than those in IM phase.The absolute predominance of fungal community in genus was Mortierella and Emericella.In conclusion,bacteria and fungi showed different succession way in cow manure composting,and co-acts of both in synergy generated the composting process.

关 键 词：牛粪 高温堆制 微生物群落及多样性 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] Q933[农业科学—农业基础科学]