国内外城市居民生活水价及可承受能力分析  

Domestic water price and affordability of worldwide urban inhabitants

作　　者：高慧忠 王晓松[1] 孙静[2] 阮宏勋 穆祥鹏[1] 李想[1] 许凤冉[1] GAO Huizhong;WANG Xiaosong;SUN Jing;RUAN Hongxun;MU Xiangpeng;LI Xiang;XU Fengran(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing Institute of Water,Beijing 100044,China;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]北京市水利规划设计研究院,北京100044 [3]北京大学光华管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《水利经济》2021年第1期36-39,53,80,81,共7页Journal of Economics of Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0401401)。

摘　　要：水价作为重要的经济杠杆对促进节约用水具有重要意义。通过分析国内外典型城市现状居民生活水价及水价承受能力,得出3方面结论:国内外城市一般采用全成本水价定价方法,考虑供水的资源成本、工程成本和环境成本,发达国家城市居民水价明显高于国内城市,我国东部城市水价高于中西部,北方城市水价高于南方;计价模式主要有单一制水价和固定费用与可变费用相结合的模式,国内城市和东京、新加坡均实行阶梯水价;国内外水价差异较大,各城市居民人均月水费支出占可支配收入的比值(R值)均偏低,我国R值明显低于国际城市R值,不利于发挥节水激励作用。建议根据实际情况合理调整水价,支撑节水型社会建设。As the key economic lever,the water price plays an important role in promoting water saving.By analyzing the domestic water price and affordability of the worldwide typical urban inhabitants,the following conclusions are drawn:The fullcost water pricing method is widely adopted considering resource cost,project cost and environmental cost.The water prices in developed countries are significantly higher than those in China’s cities.In China,the water prices in the eastern cities are higher than those in the central and western cities,and those in the northern cities are higher than those in the southern cities.The water pricing modes include flat water price and combination of fixed cost and variable cost.The cities in China and Singapore as well as Tokyo City adopt the stepped water price.Although there are large differences in worldwide water prices,the ratio(R)of per capita monthly water bill to disposable income is close.The value of R in each city is relatively low,and it is not incentive for water saving.The water price should be adjusted reasonably to support the construction of water-saving society.

关 键 词：居民生活水价 可承受能力 节水 比较分析 

分 类 号：F407.9[经济管理—产业经济]