全国典型台站降雨期雨滴谱特征分析  

Analysis on raindrop size distribution of typical stations in China during rainy season

作　　者：刘振[1] 吴雪媛[1] 余予[1] 任芝花[1] LIU Zhen;WU Xue-yuan;YU Yu;REN Zhi-hua(National Meteorological Information Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2021年第1期53-59,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(91744209);国家气象信息中心青年科技基金项目(NMICQJ202003)。

摘　　要：基于2018—2019年激光雨滴谱仪分钟观测资料,依据年降雨量分区域挑选7个典型站点进行雨滴谱特征分析。结果表明,基于分钟雨滴谱数据计算的小时雨强与台站观测雨强的相关系数均超过0.92,二者平均差值为负值,且差值随雨强增大而增大。雨滴直径等级频数百分率分布为双峰结构,质量百分率分布为多峰结构。直径小于1 mm的小雨滴对雨滴数浓度的贡献率达77.8%,对雨强的贡献率只有18.1%;直径大于2 mm的大雨滴占总数浓度的2.6%,对雨强的贡献为41.8%。考虑雨滴下落末速度影响后,小雨滴对雨滴总数浓度的贡献率增大9.7个百分点,中雨滴和大雨滴对雨滴总数浓度的贡献率降低。随雨强减弱,大雨滴数浓度减小,超大雨滴消失,谱宽收窄,小雨滴数浓度变化特征随台站出现差异。By using the data observed by laser raindrop spectrometer between 2018 and 2019,the raindrop size distribution characteristics of typical stations,which were selected by regions in China,were analyzed.The results show that,the correlation coefficients for hourly rainfall intensities calculated from minute raindrop spectrometer data and rain gauge data respectively,all exceeded 0.92,and the average differences were negative and increased with rainfall intensity.The frequency percentage patterns of different raindrop diameter classes showed double peaks,but the quality percentage patterns showed multi peaks.The contribution present to number concentration of small raindrop with a diameter less than 1 mm was 77.8%,however,the contribution present to rainfall intensity only was18.1%.Large raindrop with a diameter more than 2 mm,contributed 2.6%to number concentration and 41.8%to rainfall intensity.When taking the effect of raindrop velocity into account,the contribution of small raindrop increased 9.7 percent,meanwhile the contributions of middle and large raindrop decreased.With decreased of rainfall intensity,the number concentrations of large raindrop decreased,the super large raindrops disappeared,and raindrop spectral width became narrow.However,variations on number concentrations of small raindrop differed by stations.

关 键 词：激光雨滴谱仪 雨滴谱 降雨期 观测差异 典型台站 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]