绿肥、蚕沙有机肥配施化肥对免耕稻田土壤碳库平衡的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with green manure and silkworm excrement on soil carbon pool balance in no-tillage paddy field

作　　者：刘顺翱 吴昊 胡钧铭[1] 韦翔华[2] 刘开强[4] 蒙炎成[1] 李婷婷[1] 魏宗辉 LIU Shun-ao;WU Hao;HU Jun-ming;WEI Xiang-hua;LIU Kai-qiang;MENG Yan-cheng;LI Ting-ting;WEI Zong-hui(Agricultural Resource and EnvironmentResearch Institute,GuangxiAcademy ofAgricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Environmental Protection Research Institute of Guangxi,Nanning 530022,China;GuangxiAcademy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [3]广西环境保护科学研究院,南宁530022 [4]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第11期2690-2696,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661074);广西科技计划项目(桂科重1598014-4,桂科AA17204087-2,桂科AD18281089)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索免耕稻田绿肥、蚕沙有机肥投入对土壤有机碳积累及CO2和CH4排放的影响,为保护性耕作稻田土壤碳固持及稻田减肥增效的农业有机资源可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】在前期粉垄与常规耕作基础上,2018—2019年连续开展田间免耕试验,在同等养分投入条件下,设置绿肥、蚕沙有机肥与化肥配施模式,以常规施用化肥为对照,同步设不施肥空白对照,保护性耕作试验第2年,采用分离式静态箱—气象色谱法测定稻田温室气体CO2和CH4排放通量,同时在水稻返青期、分蘖期、齐穗期和收获期采集0~15 cm耕层土壤,测定土壤有机碳含量。【结果】在粉垄免耕模式下,蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理耕层土壤有机碳含量在返青期和分蘖期较常规免耕模式提高56%和19%;水稻返青期、分蘖期、齐穗期和收获期粉垄免耕稻田绿肥配施化肥处理的土壤有机碳含量较单施化肥处理分别提高111%、30%、74%和31%,较不施肥处理分别提高90%、22%、58%和22%;蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理较单施化肥处理分别提高148%、90%、48%和39%,较不施肥处理分别提高113%、78%、35%和29%。粉垄免耕模式下,与单施化肥处理相比,绿肥配施化肥处理的CO2累积排放量降低16.9%,蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理降低15.1%;CH4排放通量出现2个峰值,常规免耕和粉垄免耕模式下,绿肥配施化肥处理的CH4排放通量峰值分别是单施化肥处理的7.69和7.61倍。绿肥和蚕沙有机肥配施化肥降低了稻田土壤CO2累积排放量,增加了CH4累积排放量。【结论】粉垄免耕稻田施用绿肥、蚕沙有机肥利于土壤有机碳积累,减少CO2温室气体排放,可作为一种稻田土壤固碳减排可持续生产应用技术。【Objective】Exploring the effects of farmland organic resource input(no-tillage rice paddy green manure and silkworm excrement organic fertilizer)on the accumulation of soil organic carbon and the emission of CH4 and CO2,it could provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of farmland organic resource of soil carbon sequestration and reduce fertilizer and increase effectunder conservation tillage in paddy fields.【Method】Based on the earlier stage of smash ridging and conventional tillage,the field non-tillage experiment was carried out continuously from 2018 to 2019.Under the same nutrient input conditions,two regional application modes of green manure,silkworm excrement and formula application of fertilizer were set up.The conventional application of chemical fertilizer was taken as the control,and the non fertilization blank control was set up simultaneously.In the second year of conservation tillage experiment,the separated static box meteorological chromatography was used to detect CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes of greenhouse gases in rice field,and 0-15 cm cultivated layer soil was collected in the rice returning to green,tillering,full heading and harvesting periods.【Result】Under the condition of no-tillage and smash ridging,the content of soil organic carbon in the fertilized layer of silkworm excrement and formula application of fertilizer increased 56%and 19%compared with the same fertilizing method of conventional no-tillage in the period of returning to green and tillering.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers,organic carbon content in soil in the green manure formula application treatments increased by 111%,30%,74%and 31%in four periods(regreening stage,tillering stage,full heading stahe and harvest stage),and increased by 90%,22%,58%and 22%compared with no fertilizer treatment.The silkworm excrement organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer increased by 148%,90%,48%and 39%respectively compared with single fertilizer application,and increased by 113%,78%

关 键 词：粉垄 化肥配施 免耕稻田 土壤有机碳 温室气体 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S141.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]