基于生长和抗逆功能基因SNP分子标记的凡纳滨对虾野生及选育群体遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis in wild and selected populations of Penaeus vannamei based on SNP markers in growth and stress resistance genes

作　　者：申淑慧 戴习林[1,2,3] SHEN Shu-hui;DAI Xi-lin(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [3]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第11期2836-2845,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：上海市虾类产业技术体系建设专项(沪农科攻字〔2014〕第7-1-11号)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析凡纳滨对虾野生群体与选育群体的遗传多样性及遗传差异,为进一步改良优化凡纳滨对虾种质提供参考依据。[方法]通过凡纳滨对虾转录组测序数据挖掘候选SNP位点,设计扩增引物,采用10尾野生凡纳滨对虾进行直接测序验证,筛选获得11对有效引物及24个位于生长和抗逆功能基因上的SNPs位点,并用于分析2个野生群体(Y1和Y2)和2个选育群体(F1和F2)的遗传多样性。[结果]凡纳滨对虾野生群体的观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)及多态信息含量(PIC)等遗传参数平均值明显高于选育群体。在2个野生群体中,Y2的各项遗传参数平均值均高于Y1;在2个选育群体中,F2的各项遗传参数平均值均高于F1,且在CATL、ANT、Tryptase、Crustin-like和Penaeidin4c等功能基因的某些SNP位点上,2个选育群体的各项遗传参数平均值为0。4个凡纳滨对虾群体中均存在SNP位点不同程度偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡现象。野生群体Y1与选育群体F1间的近交系数(Fis)最高(0.0875),且基因流(Nm)也较高(4.2728);野生群体Y2与选育群体F1间的遗传分化指数(Fst)最高(0.0947),但Nm最低(2.3886),表明二者间的遗传背景较远。4个凡纳滨对虾群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内(85.15%),仅有14.85%变异来源于群体间。4个凡纳滨对虾群体的遗传相似性系数为0.9351~0.9747,遗传距离为0.0256~0.0671;基于凡纳滨对虾群体遗传距离的UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,Y1、F1和F2聚为一支,而Y2单独聚为一支。[结论]凡纳滨对虾野生群体在抗逆功能基因SNP分子标记中的遗传多样性显著高于选育群体,且野生群体与选育群体间的遗传距离较远,具有较高的遗传改良潜力。在实际生产中,可通过杂交措施将野生群体的优良抗逆基因引入选育群体,提高凡纳滨对虾选育群体的免疫及抗病能力。[Objective]The genetic diversity and genetic differences between wild populations and selected populations of Litopenaeus vannamei were analyzed to provide reference for improvement and optimization of germplasm resources.[Method]Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)found from amplification primers,which designed with highthroughput sequencing of L.vannamei,were verified using ten wild L.vannamei by sequencing.Finally,11 primers and 24 identified SNPs in growth and stress resistance genes,were selected to analyze genetic diversity of Y1,Y2,which were wild populations,and F1,F2,which were selected populations.[Result]The results showed that the genetic parameters such as observed heterozygosity(Ho),expected heterozygosity(He)and polymorphism information content(PIC)in Y1 and Y2 were higher than those in F1 and F2.Generally,all the genetic parameters in Y2 were higher than Y1.Similarly,in two selected families,genetic parameters of F2 were higher than F1.In addition,the genetic parameters in the two selected populations were 0 at some SNP loci of functional genes such as CATL,ANT,Tryptase,Crustin-like and Penaeidin4 c.Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium existed in all four populations differently.The coefficient of inbreeding(Fis)was the highest(0.0875)and the gene flow(Nm)was also high(4.2728)between wild population Y1 and selected population F1.The genetic differentiation index(Fst)between Y2 and F1 was the highest(0.0947),but Nm was the lowest(2.3886),indicating a distant genetic relationship between the two populations.AMOVA analysis found that 85.15%genetic variation of four populations was mainly within the population,and only 14.85%was found between populations.The genetic similarity coefficients of the four populations ranged from 0.9351 to 0.9747,and the genetic distance varied from 0.0256 to 0.0671.UPGMA clustering analysis showed that Y1,F1 and F2 clustered into a cluster,while Y2 clustered into a single cluster.[Conclusion]Generally,in wild populations,genetic diversity of SNP markers in stress re

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 野生群体 选育群体 SNP分子标记 生长功能基因 抗逆功能基因 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S945.49[农业科学—水产养殖]