不同灌水处理对春玉米生理特性的影响  

The Impacts of Irrigation Amount on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：徐晨[1,2] 闫伟平[1] 孙宁[1] 刘晓龙 赵洪祥[1] 谭国波[1] 武志海[2] 张治安[2] 张丽华[1] 边少锋[1] XU Chen;YAN Weiping;SUN Ning;LIU Xiaolong;ZHAO Hongxiang;TAN Guobo;WU Zhihai;ZHANG Zhian;ZHANG Lihua;BIAN Shaofeng(Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Changchun 130124,China;Jilin Agriculture University,Changchun 130118,China;Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130124 [2]吉林农业大学,长春130118 [3]宜春学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第1期7-14,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300205;2017YFD0300605)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究半干旱区玉米在不同灌溉定额条件下的生理响应机制。【方法】以华农887为试验材料,采用大田试验,全生育期设定4个灌溉定额:500(CK)、900(Q1)、1 700(Q2)和2 500 m3/hm2(Q3),开展了灌溉定额对玉米氮素积累、籽粒灌浆特性、叶片氮代谢酶活性、根系伤流强度和产量的研究。【结果】①玉米籽粒的平均灌浆速率和各阶段的百粒质量均随灌溉定额的增加而增加,Q2与Q3处理的平均灌浆速率和百粒质量均显著高于Q1处理与CK。②灌溉定额的增加使玉米根系伤流强度增加,Q2与Q3处理的伤流强度要显著高于Q1处理与CK。③含氮量呈籽粒>叶片>茎秆的变化趋势,Q2与Q3处理的籽粒、茎秆、叶片和植株总的含氮量要显著高于Q1处理与CK。④随着灌溉定额的增加,叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性增加,谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的活性下降,Q2与Q3处理的GS活性在灌浆期显著高于Q1处理与CK,GDH活性显著低于Q1处理与CK。⑤玉米的产量随灌溉定额的增加而增加,Q2与Q3处理的产量显著高于Q1处理与CK。上述指标在Q2与Q3处理间均无显著性差异。【结论】灌溉定额为1 700 m3/hm2时,玉米籽粒的灌浆特性、根系伤流强度、植株氮素积累特性、叶片氮代谢酶活性和产量均表现较佳,该灌溉定额可作为吉林省半干旱区玉米全生育期灌溉的参考定额。【Background】Maize production in Jilin province of China needs irrigation because precipitation and antecedent soil water in its growth season cannot meet its demand.Although the impact of water stress in maize growth has been well documented,how its physiological characteristics respond to irrigation amount is an issue remaining obscure for maize production in Jilin province.【Objective】This paper aims to elucidate irrigation-water use efficiency of the maize under different irrigation amounts,with a view to improve water use efficiency without compromising yield in the semi-arid areas in the west of the province.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted with the variety Huanong 887 as the model plant.We compared four irrigation amounts:500(CK),900(Q1),1700(Q2)and 2500 m3/hm2(Q3),and in each treatment we measured the accumulation of nitrogen,grain filling,activities of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in leaves,as well as root injury level.【Result】①The average grain-filling rate,100-grain weight and root injury level all increased with the irrigation amount,but their values in Q2 and Q3 were significantly higher than those in Q1 and CK.②Compared to Q1 and CK,Q2 and Q3 significantly increased nitrogen content in grains,stems and leaves.③With the increase in irrigation amount,the activities of glutamine synthetase(GS)in the leaves increased,while the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)in the leaves decreased.④The yield increased with irrigation amount,especially in Q2 and Q3.⑤No significant difference in yield and physiological traits was found between Q2 and Q3.【Conclusion】Soil moisture is an important factor limiting growth and development of maize in the semi-arid areas in the western Jilin province.With the increase in irrigation amount,the yield,average grain-filling rate,100-grain weight,root injury level,nitrogen accumulation and GS activity in the leaves all increased,while the activity of GDH in the leaves decreased.The physiological traits were significantly correl

关 键 词：玉米 灌溉定额 灌浆特性 伤流液 氮积累 氮代谢酶 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]