微喷补灌对夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响  

The Impacts of Supplementary Micro-hose-sprinkling Irrigation Amount on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：吴祥运 王东[2] 蔡晓 林祥 张俊鹏 WU Xiangyun;WANG Dong;CAI Xiao;LIN Xiang;ZHANG Junpeng(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第1期30-37,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GNC111007);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)。

摘　　要：【目的】提高夏玉米用水效率。【方法】2018—2019年设置4个微喷补灌处理,分别以0~10(W10)、0~20(W20)、0~30(W30)和0~40(W40)cm为目标湿润土层,补灌的目标土壤含水率为相应土层的田间持水率,补灌时期均为夏玉米播种时、拔节期开始时和抽雄期开始时;以传统畦灌模式(CK)为对照,研究了不同微喷补灌方案对夏玉米形态发育指标、产量构成、耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。【结果】随着补灌目标湿润土层深度的增加,夏玉米株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部干物质量和籽粒产量等指标呈逐渐增大或先增大后减小的趋势,当目标湿润土层达到20cm后,继续增加灌水量对夏玉米生长的促进效应减小,W20处理的各项指标均能获得较高值。耗水量和WUE受补灌目标湿润土层深度影响显著,其中,耗水量随目标湿润土层深度的增加而增大,WUE则与之相反。W20处理与CK和高水分(W40)处理相比,籽粒产量无显著差异,但灌溉用水量减少47.33%~54.73%,耗水量显著降低9.86%~13.85%,WUE显著提高11.48%~19.26%。【结论】建议试验区夏玉米微喷补灌的目标湿润土层为0~20 cm,目标含水率为田间持水率。【Objective】Rainfalls in the growth season of summer maize in most areas in northern China are insufficient to meet its demand,and supplementary irrigation is thus required.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of different hose-micro-sprinkler irrigation amounts at improving yield and water use efficiency of the maize.【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2018—2019 at a field,with the four irrigation amounts determined by topping up the soil water in depth of 0~10(W10),0~20(W20),0~30(W30)and 0~40(W40)cm to the field capacity at sowing,beginning of jointing and tasseling stages,respectively.The traditional border irrigation was taken as the control(CK).During the experiment,we measured plant growth,yield components,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency(WUE)of the crops in each treatment.【Result】With the increase in soil depth used to determine the irrigation amount,the plant height,leaf area index(LAI),aboveground dry biomass and grain yield either increased monotonically or concavely.After the soil reference depth exceeded 20 cm,the efficacy of increasing irrigation at improving crop growth declined.Among all treatments,W20 gave the highest value for all four measured indicators.Irrigation amount impacted both evapotranspiration and WUE at significant level,with the evapotranspiration increasing while the WUE decreasing with irrigation amount.No significant difference in grain yield we found between W20,CK and W40 treatments,and compared to the CK and W40,W20 reduced irrigation amount and water consumption by 47.33%~54.73%and 9.86%~13.85%respectively,with its WUE increasing at significant level by 11.48%~19.26%.【Conclusion】Considering irrigation amount,grain yield,evapotranspiration and WUE,our results suggested that topping up soil water in the depth of 0~20 cm by the hose-micro-sprinkling irrigation to the field capacity at sowing,beginning of the jointing and tasseling stages respectively,was most effective.

关 键 词：微喷补灌 夏玉米 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]