缓解超级早稻灌浆结实期高温热害的灌水深度研究  

Study on Irrigation Depth to Alleviate High Temperature and Heat Damage of Super Early Rice during Grain-filling Period

作　　者：郭立君[1,2] 肖小平 程凯凯[1] 李超 杨茜[1,2] 唐海明[1,2] 汤文光 彭志红[1,2] 汪柯[1] GUO Lijun;XIAO Xiaoping;CHENG Kaikai;LI Chao;YANG Qian;TANG Haiming;TANG Wenguang;PENG Zhihong;WANG Ke(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301502)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示不同灌水深度对超级早稻灌浆结实期高温热害的缓解效应,明确适宜灌水深度。【方法】以超级早稻"陵两优268"为材料,在自然高温热害条件下设置田间试验,设置常规灌溉(灌水深度2.5 cm,CK)、灌水深度5、7.5、10cm共计4个灌水深度,测定水稻群体温度、剑叶生理指标、水稻产量及其构成因子,分析不同灌水深度对超级早稻灌浆结实期高温热害的缓解情况。【结果】增加灌水深度超级早稲群体平均温度降低0.6~1.9℃。增加灌水深度22 d后,超级早稻剑叶的SPAD值衰减率比对照降低8.89%~25.87%,剑叶MDA量降低1.89~2.51 nmol/g(湿质量),剑叶过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,渗透调节物质量增加。随着高温热害持续发展和生育期推进,CAT活性下降,而POD、SOD活性提高,但增加灌水深度对剑叶POD、SOD活性影响较小。水稻结实率提高2.88%~5.06%、千粒质量提高0.53~0.93 g,产量增加2.9%~7.9%。【结论】有效缓解"陵两优268"灌浆结实期高温热害的灌水深度为7.5~10 cm。【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to reveal the mitigation effect of different irrigation depths on high temperature and heat damage during grain-filling period of super early rice,and to determine the suitable irrigation depth.【Method】With‘Lingliangyou 268’as test materia,field experiment was conducted with conventional irrigation(irrigation depth of 2.5 cm)as CK and irrigation depth of 5 cm,7.5 cm,10 cm under natural high temperature heat injury.The population temperature of rice,physiological indices of flag leaves,rice yield and its components indices were measured to study the effect of different irrigation depths on alleviating high temperature and heat injury of super early rice during grain-filling period.【Result】The results showed that the average temperature of super early rice population decreased by 0.6~1.9℃with increase irrigation depths.After 22 days,the SPAD attenuation rate of flag leaves of super early rice decreased by 8.89%~25.87%compared with the control.MDA content of flag leaves decreased 1.89~2.51 nmol/g(wet weight).The activities of catalase(CAT)was increased,and the content of osmoregulation substance was increased.With the continuous development of high temperature and heat damage and the growing of rice,the activities of CAT decreased,while the activities of POD and SOD increased,however,increasing irrigation depth had little effect on the activities of POD and SOD in flag leaves.Rice seed setting rate increased by 2.88%~5.06%,1000 grain weight increased by 0.53~0.93 g,and rice yield increased by 2.9%~7.9%.【Conclusion】The irrigation depth of 7.5~10 cm can effectively alleviate the high temperature and heat damage of“lingliangyou 268”during grain-filling period.

关 键 词：超级早稻 灌浆结实期 高温热害 灌水深度 缓解效应 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]