结合功能测试与模拟驾驶的老年人驾驶适性评估  

Fitness-to-drive evaluation for elderly drivers by combining functional ability test and simulated driving

作　　者：沈永俊 谭旭 Tom Brijs Shen Yongjun;Tan Xu;Tom Brijs(School of Transportation,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Transportation Research Institute(IMOB),Hasselt University,Hasselt 3500,Belgium)

机构地区：[1]东南大学交通学院,南京211189 [2]Transportation Research Institute(IMOB),Hasselt University,Hasselt 3500,Belgium

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期171-177,共7页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71701045).

摘　　要：为应对老年驾驶人驾驶能力下降带来的交通安全问题并降低与其相关的事故风险,建立了可有效替代道路驾驶测试的老年人驾驶适性评估方法.对92名老年驾驶人进行了功能测试、模拟驾驶测试与道路驾驶测试,通过独立样本T检验与分层逐步Logistic回归确定评价指标体系,分别建立并比选了决策树、随机森林和支持向量机3种评估模型.结果表明,以对比敏感度、功能性伸展、交通标志理解以及合流变道距离等作为评价指标的支持向量机模型对驾驶适性的评估效果最好,准确率高达84.6%.该方法可以有效替代道路测试评估老年人的驾驶适性,能为其停止驾驶、调整驾驶行为、训练提升驾驶能力、使用辅助驾驶技术等提供参考.To deal with the traffic safety problems caused by the decline of driving ability of elderly drivers and reduce the related crash risk,a fitness-to-drive evaluation method for the elderly drivers which can effectively replace the on-road driving test was established.Functional ability,simulated driving and on-road driving tests were carried out on 92 elderly drivers.The evaluation indicator system was determined by independent-sample T-test and hierarchical stepwise Logistic regression.Evaluation models such as decision tree,random forest and support vector machine(SVM)were respectively established and compared with each other.The results show that the SVM model with contrast sensitivity,functional reach,knowledge of road sign,and the distance of merging into traffic as evaluation indicators has the best performance,with the highest accuracy of 84.6%.The evaluation method can effectively replace the on-road driving test to evaluate the fitness-to-drive of the elderly drivers.Thus,it can provide a reference for ceasing driving,adjusting driving behavior,training and improving driving ability,or applying assisted driving technology to the elderly drivers.

关 键 词：交通安全 老年驾驶人 驾驶适性 功能测试 模拟驾驶 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]