文化冲突与整合——20世纪60年代以来美国族群关系重构的两种路径  

Cultural Conflict and Integration:Two Remodeling Paths of the American Ethnic Relations Since 1960s

作　　者：吕庆广 陈国强 LV Qing-guang;CHEN Guoqiang(School of Marxism, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China 214122)

机构地区：[1]江南大学马克思主义学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第1期45-53,共9页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“20世纪美国激进思想传统研究”(16BKS072)阶段性研究成果之一。

摘　　要：文化冲突指的是历史和现实地存在着的因宗教信仰、政治主张、道德准则等价值观念的不同所形成的矛盾、对立和对抗,或者是不同文明或文化体系之间存在的疏离、隔阂、紧张现象以及仇视和敌对的情绪与行为。作为移民国家,文化冲突通过族群的对立和紧张贯穿于美国历史进程中,其根源在于建基于种族主义理念之上的主流文化霸权。自60年代以来,文化冲突与融合构成了当今美国社会演进的一种内在动力。20世纪中后期,包括非洲裔、墨西哥裔和印第安原住民在内的左翼族群激进派推出以政治文化分离为核心的族群关系重构方案或路径,引发了美国社会激烈的政治动荡与文化冲突;美国政治自由派则借鉴和吸收左翼激进派的一些合理主张,针对族群文化冲突采取了一系列经济社会改革政策,形成了第二种路径:通过持续性立法行动消除公共领域的歧视与隔离,提升少数族群的政治、经济与文化地位,促进族群间的宽容与理解,着力培养文化身份平等意识。在缓和冲突并致力于促进社会变革的文化整合上,取得了长足的进步。从肯尼迪到奥巴马,持续性的改革有力推动了美国文化整合的进程。然而,由于主流文化霸权意识的根深蒂固和与现行制度的明缠暗绕,由黑白紧张关系所标识的文化冲突事件仍不时发生,以真正族群平等为标志的文化融合依然任重道远。Cultural conflict refers to the historical and realistic contradictions,antagonism and confrontation caused by different values such as religious beliefs,political opinions and moral codes,or the alienation,estrangement,tension,and hatred and hostility between different civilizations or cultural systems.As a country of immigrants,American cultural conflicts runs through the historical process through ethnic antagonism and tension.Its root lies in the mainstream cultural hegemony based on racist ideas.Cultural conflict and integration have formed one of the internal motives in American social progresses especially since Kennedy era.In the middle and late 20th century,leftwing ethnic radicals from African Americans,Mexican Americans and Native Americans put forward the reconstruction plan or path of ethnic relations with political and cultural separation as the core,which triggered intense political turmoil and cultural clashes in American society.American political liberals,on the other hand,learned from and absorbed some ideas of the radicals,adopted a series of reform measures in response to cultural conflicts and formed the second path which made great progress in the cultural integration of easing conflicts and promoting social changes.Taking continual legislative actions to eliminate discrimination and segregation in the field of public,promote minority’s status of politics,economy and culture,to promote tolerance and understanding among groups,and focus on cultivating cultural identity equality consciousness.From Kennedy to Obama,sustained reform has been a powerful force in the integration of American culture.However,due to the deep-rooted hegemonic consciousness of mainstream culture and the obvious entanglement with the current system,Cultural conflicts marked by the black and white tension are still frequent,the cultural integration marked by genuine ethnic equality still has a long way to go.

关 键 词：文化冲突 整合 20世纪60年代 族群关系 路径 

分 类 号：D512[政治法律—国际政治]