无人作战的人机融合:挑战与出路  

Human-machine integration in unmanned combat:challenges and solutions

作　　者：张煌[1] 贾珍珍 ZHANG Huang;JIA Zhenzhen(College of Liberal Arts and Sciences,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410072,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学文理学院,湖南长沙410072

出　　处：《国防科技》2020年第6期105-109,共5页National Defense Technology

基　　金：湖南省教育科学十三五规划2016年度课题(XJK016QGD020)。

摘　　要：无人作战对于人和机器两个要素的融合提出了巨大的挑战。一方面,无人作战独特的作战模式和作战环境对于自然人的能力素质构成严峻挑战,高度智能化的作战系统运行速度、海量的数据信息日益挑战人类的反应能力和决策能力,虚拟的、远程的、与现实战场隔绝的作战环境日益挑战人类的心理素质。另一方面,机器的高度智能化虽然有利于更好地发挥潜在的作战能力,但也不可避免地带来战争失控和道德沦丧的风险。破解人机两个维度的挑战,实现人与机器的深度融合,一方面要利用增强技术从物理、生理、心理三个层面加速提高人类的能力素质,另一方面是强化机器人的伦理安全设计,坚守人类对机器人的控制底线,规避机器人失控和战争“非人化”的道德风险。Unmanned operations pose a huge challenge to the integration of human and machine.On one hand,the unique operational mode and environment of unmanned operations present severe challenges to the abilities and capabilities of natural persons.The operational speed of highly intelligent operation systems and massive data information increasingly challenge the reaction and decision-making of human beings,and the virtual,remote and isolated operational environment greatly influences human psychological mentality.On the other hand,although the high intelligence of the machine is conducive to the better use of potential operational capabilities,it also inevitably brings the risk of incontrollable war and morality deterioration.To address the two-dimensional human-machine challenge and realize the deep human-machine integration,on one hand,we must use enhancement technology to accelerate improving human capabilities from physical,physiological,and psychological levels;on the other hand,we must strengthen the ethical safety design of robots,stick to the bottom line of human control over robots,and avoid the moral risks of pushing robot out of control and leading to“dehumanization”of war.

关 键 词：无人作战 人工智能 人机融合 增强技术 伦理设计 

分 类 号：E835.8[军事—战术学]