杆式抽油泵间隙漏失行为分析及优化研究  

Analysis and optimization of clearance leakage behavior of rod type oil extraction pump

作　　者：刘洪斌[1] 李伟[1] 王辽[1] 黄肖[1] LIU Hongbin;LI Wei;WANG Liao;HUANG Xiao(Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学,成都610500

出　　处：《流体机械》2021年第1期73-80,87,共9页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：四川省教育厅基金项目(13ZA0179);西南石油大学教育部重点实验室基金项目(OGE201403-22)。

摘　　要：抽油泵是有杆抽油系统中的重要装置,由于泵筒两端存在压力差,泵筒和柱塞之间为往复运动的间隙配合,其在工作时就会有漏失产生。由于所选用理论基础不同,现有抽油泵漏失理论并不完善,无法保证漏失计算的准确性。针对这一问题,本文结合间隙漏失特性和抽油泵的漏失试验结果,研究了间隙漏失理论。并建立抽油泵间隙流体的三维模型,运用FLUENT软件对柱塞在不同的运动速度时间隙内部流场进行仿真分析,得出了速度分布情况;然后由漏失理论分析了影响漏失量的各个因素。在这一背景下,提出了一种新的抽油机驱动方案,并通过仿真和试验相结合的方法对漏失量进行分析。结果表明:上冲程时剪切漏失方向与压差漏失方向均沿泵筒向下。间隙漏失量随泵筒两端压差、泵筒直径、泵间隙宽度、偏心率和柱塞速度的增加而增加,随液体黏度和柱塞长度的增加而减少。所提出的驱动方法可以减少间隙漏失量。研究结果为油田抽油机驱动方式的选择和实际生产中的节能增效提供了参考。The oil extraction pump is an important device in the rod type oil extraction system,due to the pressure difference between the two ends of the pump barrel,there is a clearance fit between the pump barrel and the plunger,which will cause leakage during operation.Due to the different theoretical foundations used,the existing leakage theory of oil extraction pump is not perfect,and the accuracy of the leakage calculation cannot be guaranteed.To solve this problem,the clearance leakage theory was studied in combination with the characteristics of the clearance leakage and the experimental results of the extraction pump.The threedimensional model of the clearance fluid of the extraction pump was established.The FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the flow field inside the clearance when the plunger moved at different speeds,and the velocity distribution was obtained.Then the factors influencing the leakage were analyzed by the leakage theory.Under this background,a new driving scheme of pumping unit was proposed,and the leakage was analyzed by combination of simulation and experiment.The results show that the leakage caused by pressure difference was in the same direction as the leakage caused by shearing motion between the plunger and the pump barrel,both of them were downward along the pump barrel.The leakage of clearance increases with the increase of pressure difference two ends of pump barrel,diameter of pump barrel,pump clearance width,eccentricity of pump and plunger velocity,but it decreases with the increase of liquid viscosity and plunger length.The proposed driving method can reduce clearance leakage.The research results provides a reference for the selection of pumping unit driving mode and energy saving and efficiency enhancement in actual production.

关 键 词：抽油泵 泵筒漏失 数值模拟 试验 

分 类 号：TH4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TE9[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]