控释配方肥的磷肥用量对富磷土壤香蕉产量及磷肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of phosphorus application rate in controlled release formula fertilizer on yield and phosphorus use efficiency of banana in phosphorus-rich soil

作　　者：张立丹[1] 刘庆虎 刘芳[1] 孙少龙 樊小林[1] ZHANG Lidan;LIU Qinghu;LIU Fang;SUN Shaolong;FAN Xiaolin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2021年第2期51-57,共7页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200701);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-31-06);广东省(基础研究及应用研究)重大项目(自然科学类)(2016KZDXM029)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨土壤富磷情况下,施用磷肥的必要性和重要性,明确控释配方肥中磷肥用量对香蕉产量、磷累积量及磷肥利用率的影响,为确定控释配方肥磷的配比及富磷土壤合理施用磷肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用磷梯度大田试验,研究控释配方肥的磷肥供应水平对香蕉产期、产量、磷累积量和磷肥利用率的影响。【结果】在Bray-P为158 mg·kg^-1的富磷土壤上,固定氮(N)200 g•株^-1和钾(K2O)400 g•株^-1的供应水平下,当磷肥(P2O5)用量为80 g·株^-1时,促进香蕉提早抽蕾和提前收获效果最为明显,同期收获率较其他处理提高5.3-31.1个百分点;随着磷肥用量的增加,香蕉产量和肥料利用率均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中磷肥用量为80 g•株^-1时,香蕉产量和当季磷肥表观利用率最高,分别达到27.7 kg•株^-1和16.0%。【结论】在有效磷高的富磷土壤上,施磷可以提高香蕉产量和增加经济效益,建议控释配方肥的氮(N)、磷(P2O5)>钾(K2O)的配比为1.0:0.4:2.0,香蕉氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)推荐施肥量分别为200、80和400 g•株^-1,其中控释氮占总氮的20%。[Objective]To explore the necessity and importance of phosphorus fertilization in phosphorus-rich soil,clarify the effects of phosphorus application rate in controlled release formula fertilizer on banana yield,phosphorus accumulation and use efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer,and provide a theoretical basis for determining fertilizer formula and rational application of phosphorus fertilizer in phosphorus-rich soil.[Method]The field experiment of phosphorus gradient was carried out to study the effects of phosphorus application rate in the controlled release formula fertilizer on banana shooting and harvest time,yield,phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency.[Result]In phosphorus-rich soil with Bray-P of 158 mg·kg^-1,the supply levels of nitrogen(200 g N per plant)and potassium(400 g K2O per plant)were fixed.When the phosphorus application rate was 80 g P2O5 per plant,the effect of promoting bud emerging and harvest time of banana was most obvious,and the harvest rate at the same period increased by 5.3 to 31.1 percentage points than other treatments.The banana yield and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency both increased first and then decreased with the increase of the phosphorus application rate.When the phosphorus application rate was 80 g P2O5 per plant,the banana yield and apparent P recovery efficiency in the current season were the highest reaching 27.7 kg·plant^-1 and 16.0%,respectively.[Conclusion]In phosphorus-rich soil,phosphorus application can increase the banana yield and economic benefit.The ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5),and potassium(K2O)in the controlled release formula fertilizer was recommended to be 1.0:0.4:2.0,and the recommended fertilization application rates were 200 g N,80 g P2O5 and 400 g K2O per banana plant,of which controlled release N accounted for 20% of total nitrogen.

关 键 词：磷肥用量 磷富集土壤 香蕉 产量 磷肥利用率 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学] S147.22[农业科学—园艺学]