新型植物源有机药肥对水稻的肥效及防虫效果  

Effects of new organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components on rice growth and insecticidal efficiency

作　　者：林挺锐 孙郑 卢日辉 刘可星[1] 徐汉虹[2] LIN Tingrui;SUN Zheng;LU Rihui;LIU Kexing;XU Hanhong(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2021年第2期58-64,共7页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD02003003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新型植物源有机药肥(烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥)在水稻上的肥效以及对水稻害虫的防治效果,促进水稻栽培过程中化肥、农药双减的实现。【方法】水稻田间试验设计3个处理:常规施肥(对照)、烟渣有机药肥+80%常规施肥、茶皂素有机药肥+80%常规施肥。测定水稻产量,分析水稻稻谷、秸秆养分吸收以及土壤速效养分含量,并在水稻分蘖期调查有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera的防治效果。【结果】与常规施肥相比,烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥的部分替代施用分别提高水稻产量22.29%和18.58%,稻谷N、P和秸秆K吸收量显著提高,水稻收获后的大田土壤速效养分含量无显著差异。植物源有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱有明显的防治效果,其中烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别达到81.27%和51.09%,对白背飞虱的虫口减退率分别为55.74%和37.70%。【结论】施用新型植物源有机药肥能部分替代化肥并减少化学农药的使用,增加水稻产量,减少虫害,促进农业可持续生产。[Objective]To study the effects of new organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components(tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer)on rice growth and pest control efficiency,and promote the double reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in rice cultivation.[Method]Three treatments were designed as following:Conventional fertilization(control),tobacco residue organic fertilizer plus 80%conventional fertilization,tea saponin organic fertilizer plus 80%conventional fertilization.The rice yields were recorded.Nutrient uptake of rice and straw and soil available nutrients content were analyzed after rice harvest.The control effects of new organic fertilizers on rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)and white-backed planthopper(Sogatella furcifera)were evaluated at rice tillering stage.[Result]Compared with conventional fertilization,the partial substitution application of tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer increased rice yield by 22.29%and 18.58%respectively,and the N and P uptake of rice grain and K uptake of straw increased significantly.But there were no significant difference in the soil available nutrient contents after rice harvest.The control efficiencies of tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer on rice leaf roller and white-backed planthopper were obvious.The rice leaf roller control effects were 81.27%and 51.09% respectively,and the decline rate of white-backed planthopper were 55.74%and 37.70% respectively.【Conclusion】The application of botanical organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components can partially replace chemical fertilizers and reduce the application of chemical pesticides,which is important for increasing yield,reducing rice pests,and promoting sustainable agricultural production.

关 键 词：植物源有机药肥 植物源活性杀虫成分 水稻 肥效 防治效果 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]