从上古到后真相时代——“谣言”概念史的再分析  

From Ancient Times to Post-truth Era——A Re-analysis of the Concept History of“Rumor”

作　　者：胡亦名 胡范铸[2] Hu Yiming;Hu Fanzhu

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海200093 [2]华东师范大学国家话语生态研究中心,上海200062

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2020年第12期74-79,199,共7页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：在汉语史上,“谣言”的语义从“记录共同体知识的基本手段”,到“传播民间社会批评的主要方式”,再到“没有事实根据的消息”,经历了巨大演变。从知识生产的视角看,现代谣言的本质就是“在信息供给未能有效满足信息迫切需求的条件下产生的在公共空间故意传播的已被确证的不实陈述”。而在后真相时代,如果每个主体都能自主地、如实地表达自己对世界的理解,那么所谓的“谣言”反而可能成为推进真相建构的不可或缺的动力。In Chinese history,“rumor”was not initially tantamount to today’s“lying”,whose semantics experienced a huge evolution:from“basic means of recording community knowledge”,to“main mode of transmission of civil society criticism”,and“unfounded news”.From the perspective of knowledge production,the essence of rumors is“the confirmed misstatements deliberately disseminated in the public space generated when the information supply fails to effectively meet the urgent needs of information”.Thus,the information monopoly caused signal distortion in the information market may be the biggest motivation for the production of modern rumors.In the post-truth era,if each individual can autonomously and truthfully express his understanding of the world,so-called“rumors”may become an indispensable driving force for the construction of truth.

关 键 词：谣言 民谣 谶谣 流言 谎言 后真相 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]