开埠早期上海虹口地区城市化进程研究——兼论英美租界合并的土地经济动力  

A Study of the Urbanization Process of Shanghai Hongkou Area in the Early Opening Up of the Port:On the Land Economic Power of Merging the American and British Concessions

作　　者：张晓虹[1] 罗婧[2] ZHANG Xiao-hong;LUO Jing(Institute of Chinese Historical Geography,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Institute of History,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433 [2]上海社会科学院历史研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期177-185,共9页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中华文明核心地区形成的时空过程及其驱动因素研究”(项目编号:16JJD770009);用友基金会“商的长城”一般项目“基于《行名录》的近代上海商业研究及数字化建设”(项目编号:2020-Y01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前学术界对近代上海城市化的研究及规律的总结,主要依据开埠以后上海英、法租界的研究,而对地处苏州河以北的美租界的城市化过程研究较为少见。以美国国会图书馆收藏的《1864—1866年上海虹口暨美租界地图》为基础,结合《行名录》《上海道契》和《工部局董事会会议录》等资料,对开埠早期上海美租界城市化进程进行研究发现1850—1860年开埠早期虹口地区的城市化进程是在港口经济驱动下,藉由土地价格的浮动所实现,并且使上海一改中国传统城市只依河流一侧形成单岸城市的特点,而发展为跨苏州河两岸的双岸城市。同时,该地区内部因与已高度城市化的英租界区位差异,形成以吴淞路为界东密西疏的道路网络格局。虹口地区城市化的这些特点,不仅受到该地濒临黄浦江区位条件的影响,同时还由于美租界管理水平较低所带来的城市治安不善的制约,并进而直接导致1863年美租界并入英租界这一历史事件的产生。Recent researches on the features and patterns of urban space in modern Shanghai mostly focused on the British and French Concessions.Little efforts were made to study the urbanizing process of the American Concession located to the north of the Suzhou River.This paper examines the urbanization process of the American Concession in Shanghai during the early years of the port,based on the 1864—1866 Map of Hongkou,the American Concession in Shanghai,from the Library of Congress collection,combined with other sources such as the Directory,the Shanghai Road Deed and the Minutes of Shanghai Municipal Council.The author finds that the urbanization of Hongkou during 1850s and 1860s,driven by the port economy and the fluctuating price of land,transformed Shanghai from a traditional Chinese One-Bank city to a Double-Bank city sitting across the Suzhou River.At the same time,the area’s internal locational differences with the already highly urbanised British Concession resulted in a dense road network bounded by Wusong Road in the east and sparsely populated in the west.The author argues that these characteristics of the urbanization in Hongkou are not only affected by its favorable location near the Hungpu River,but also due to the security problem caused by the poor governance of the American Concession,which directly led to the merging of the American Concession into British Concesssion in 1863.

关 键 词：城市化 洋行 美租界 上海虹口 开埠 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] K921[历史地理—中国史]