乡镇政权与基层社会治理--以南京国民政府时期璧山县为中心  

Township Government and Modern Grassroots Social Governance:Taking Bishan County as the Center During the Period of Nanjing National Government

作　　者：谢健 XIE Jian(College of Marxism,the Rear of the Anti-Japanese War Study Centre of Chongqing,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学马克思主义学院/重庆中国抗战大后方研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国农史》2020年第6期100-110,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“近代中国乡村建设资料编年整理与研究(1901-1949)”(17ZDA198);重庆市社科规划抗战专项“战时璧山实验地方法院资料整理与研究”(2019YBKZ19)。

摘　　要：以清末、北洋的基层建制为基础,南京国民政府时期县以下区域形成了以乡镇公所为核心的乡镇政权,这既是近代国家权力下移的结果,也是近代基层社会治理方式的重要突破。通过以南京国民政府时期璧山县为个案而进行的分析,可以发现在乡村警察制度不完备的背景之下,乡镇政权承担着维持社会治安、协助司法、调解人民纠纷等职能。这些职能凸显了乡镇政权的社会治理属性,为安定乡村社会做出了重要贡献。虽然这一时期乡镇政权在基层治理的实践中存在不少问题,但就整个近代以来的保护财产、维持社会稳定的民众需求而言,其作用不可忽视。Based on the Grass-roots System in the late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang Government,the township government was formed in the areas below the county level in the period of Nanjing National Government.This is not only the result of the downward movement of state power,but also an important breakthrough in the way of modern grass-roots social governance.Through the analysis of Bishan County during the period of Nanjing National Government,it can be found that under the background of the incomplete rural police system,the township government undertakes the functions of maintaining social order,assisting the judiciary,mediating people’s disputes and so on.These functions highlight the social governance attribute of the township government and make an important contribution to the stability of rural society.Although there are many problems in the practice of grass-roots governance of the township government in this period,the role of the township government can not be ignored in terms of the whole modern public demand to protect property and maintain social stability.

关 键 词：乡镇政权 社会治理 基层法治 社会行政 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]