人类增强视角下从“Human”到“Transhuman”的标志探析  

An Analysis of the Signs from“Human”to“Transhuman”from the Perspective of Human Enhancement

作　　者：王荣虎 WANG Rong-hu(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710122,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学哲学与社会发展学院,西安710122

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2021年第1期78-83,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“可能与必然的概念史研究”(19YJC720029);国家社科基金重大项目“当代新兴增强技术前沿的人文主义哲学研究”(20ZD045)。

摘　　要：“Transhumanism”是一种思考人类未来的运动,它假定了当前人类只是其发展过程中的较早阶段而非终点,并倡导使用理性,特别是使用以现代科学技术为基础的人类增强来改善人类的生物体,从而步入Transhuman甚至后人类(posthuman)社会。通过人类增强增加Human的属性使其成为Transhuman预示着从Human到Transhuman的一个标志:“基于现代科学技术的干预永久地增加了人类的某种内在属性,并且超出了人类物种在未接受任何增强干预下的最高水平”,而增强干预在增加一些人类属性的同时也在减少另一些属性则预示着从Human到Transhuman的另一标志:“基于现代科学技术的增强干预永久地减损甚至彻底摧毁了人类之生物性、生活的真实性、个体的同一性及其生命的意义和价值之中的任意一个”。这两个标志可独立使用,它们有助于推进Transhumanism的倡导者与反对者的公开对话。“Transhumanism”is a movement of thinking about the future of human beings,which assumes that the current human beings are only being in the early stages rather than the end point of our evolutionary process,and advocates to take advantage of the rationality,especially the human enhancements based on modern science and technology,to improve human organisms so as to enter Transhuman and even Posthuman society.Increasing the attributes of Human through Human Enhancement indicates a sign from Human to Transhuman——“interventions based on modern science and technology increases some of the intrinsic attributes of human beings permanently beyond the highest levels of human species without any enhanced interventions,”and the enhanced interventions increasing some human attributes while reducing others indicates another sign from Human to Transhuman——“enhanced interventions based on modern science and technology permanently decrease or even completely destroy any one of the human’s biology,the authenticity of life,the individual identity and the significance and value of life.”These two signs can be used independently,and they will help to promote the open dialogue between the advocates and the opponents of Transhumanism.

关 键 词：TRANSHUMANISM 后人类 人类增强 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]