多年冻土区天然气管道压气站失效情境下应对方案研究  

Study on Mitigative Measures in Case of Compressor Station Outage for Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Regions

作　　者：李欣泽 金会军[4] 吴青柏 Xinze Li;Huijun Jin;Qingbai Wu(State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Co.,Dongying Shandong 257000,China;School of Civil Engineering/Northeast-China Observatory and Research-Station of Permafrost Geo-Environment-Ministry of Education/Institute of Cold-Regions Engineering,Science and Technology,Northeast Forestry University,Haerbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中石化石油工程设计有限公司,山东东营257000 [4]东北林业大学土木工程学院东北多年冻土区地质环境系统教育部野外科学观测研究站&寒区工程与科学技术研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2020年第11期1127-1136,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司科研课题“阿拉斯加天然气管道建设关键技术可行性研究”(编号:SG18-50J)资助。

摘　　要：多年冻土区天然气管道管基土冻胀和融沉地质灾害是人们所熟知的威胁管道安全运行的重大风险。受长输管道用管材最低设计金属温度限制,在压气站失效后,气体进行越站输送,由于焦耳—汤姆逊效应,会出现下游管道输气温度低于管材金属最低设计温度的风险。而对于温带地区的管道工程,不会出现类似的技术挑战。以某多年冻土区天然气管道工程为例,从保护多年冻土的角度给出了全线温度分区控制策略及实现途径。采用国际通用水力热力软件SPS对压气站失效后不采取措施和采取诸如提高失效压气站上游压气站出站温度、降低管道输量、额外增设加热站等不同措施下的多种工况进行了定量计算和分析讨论,并初步给出相应的解决方案构想。希望能够补充现有输气工艺理论,为北极和高山多年冻土区天然气管道建设提供新的思路。For gas pipelines in permafrost regions,it is well-known that the most serious hazards,such as differential thaw settlement and frost heave,affect the engineering foundations and the integrity of pipeline systems. However,in case of a compressor station outage,the chilled gas will bypass the outage station,flow directly to the downstream pipeline and continue the cooling due to the Joule-Thomson cooling effect. The dangerous scenario that the transporting temperature may fall to a level below the minimum design temperature has not been paid adequate attention because this kind of potential challenge has never been encountered for pipelines in temperate regions. Taking one planned gas pipeline project in permafrost regions as an example,temperature controlling strategies and feasible approaches were given on the perspective of protecting permafrost and technical measures,such as using high discharge temperature,forced flow reduction and installing extra gas heater stations,evaluated quantitatively and discussed using international hydraulic software SPS. Finally,the initial framework solutions were proposed in the hope of supplementing existing gas transporting process theory and identifying new approaches for gas pipelines in the northern and upland permafrost regions.

关 键 词：多年冻土区 天然气管道 压气站失效 焦耳—汤姆逊效应 最低设计金属温度 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]