玉米骨干自交系黄早四的来源探究  

Deciphering the Origin of Maize Key Inbred Line Huangzaosi

作　　者：赵久然[1] 李春辉 张如养[1] 刘新香[1] 李志勇 石子[1] 王帅帅 宋伟[1] ZHAO Jiu-ran;LI Chun-hui;ZHANG Ru-yang;LIU Xin-xiang;LI Zhi-yong;SHI Zi;WANG Shuai-shuai;SONG Wei(Maize Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-11);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0098);北京学者计划项目(BSP041)。

摘　　要：玉米骨干自交系黄早四育成于20世纪70年代,具有适应性强、配合力高、株型紧凑、生育期短、灌浆速度快等优点。以其为基础材料选育衍生出数以百计的黄改系,形成我国特有的黄改群(或称塘四平头群)核心种质群。利用黄早四及其衍生系组配的杂交种已累计推广应用数十亿亩,包括目前的主导大品种郑单958、京科968等。该系在我国玉米育种史中发挥了极其重要作用,但黄早四的系谱尚未明确、来源尚不清晰。本文根据历史上所描述的黄早四选育过程,推断黄早四是由白粒的塘四平头自交系与另一个熟期更早、籽粒颜色为黄色的玉米材料"串粉"杂交,又在塘四平头自交系繁殖田中得到回交,再经人工自交选育而成。利用40对SSR核心引物对黄早四、塘四平头及1970年代初种植的9份黄粒农家种或自交系进行DNA分子指纹比对,发现黄早四与塘四平头自交系有28个位点指纹完全相同,而在剩余的12个位点中仅黄四平头与黄早四具有完全的共同带型。全基因组IBD遗传结构分析结果进一步表明,塘四平头是黄早四的主要供体,黄四平头是其另一个亲本来源。经表型形态性状契合比对,证明黄早四的表型特征和农艺性状表现符合塘四平头与黄四平头两者杂交选系的结果。破解了黄早四自交系的来源之谜。Maize key inbred line Huangzaosi had been developed in the 1970s in China,exhibiting merits including robust adaptability,high combining ability,compact plant shape,short growth period and fast grain filling.To date,hundreds of maize inbred lines with the genetic components derived from Huangzaosi have formed a core maize germplasm group referring Huanggai group(or Tangsipingtou Group).The hybrids developed by Huangzaosi and its derived lines have been popularized and cultivated up to hundreds of millions hectares,including the current leading varieties in China,Jingke968 and Zhengdan958.Although this line has played an important role in the maize breeding history in China,its pedigree and origin still remain unclear.Here,according to previous description of the breeding processes of Huangzaosi,we inferred that the white kernel inbred line of Tangsipigtou was initially out-crossed with another maize breeding material with earlier maturation and yellow-colored kernel followed by the backcrossing in the Tangsipingtou field,from which Huangzaosi was finally developed through later artificial selfing and selection.The comparison of DNA molecular fingerprints obtained by the 40 core SSR markers for Huangzaosi,Tangsipingtou and 9 landraces and inbred lines planted in the early 1970′s indicated that Huangzaosi and Tangsipingtou shared the same 28 SSR loci,and the rest 12 were only identical between Huangsipingtou and Huangzaosi.Whole genome-based IBD genetic structure analysis further demonstrated that Tangshipingtou was the major donor for Huangzaosi,and Huangsipingtou was another parent.In addition,the correspondence comparison of phenotypic and morphological traits confirmed that the phenotypic and agronomic characteristics of Huangzaosi were consistent with the conclusion that it was derived from the crossing of Tangsipingtou and Huangsipingtou.To sum up,this study deciphered the long mystery of the origin of Huangzaosi.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系 黄早四 系谱来源 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]