我国不同年代玉米自交系茎秆性状演替规律  

Evolvement of Stem-related Traits of Maize Inbred Lines Through Different Decades in China

作　　者：王凯欣 程子萌 杨艺涵 张德贵[2] 李新海[2] 史利玉[1] WANG Kai-xin;CHENG Zi-meng;YANG Yi-han;ZHANG De-gui;LI Xin-hai;SHI Li-yu(College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第1期157-164,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：北京市教委科研计划一般项目(KM201810020005);国家自然科学基金项目(31671706)。

摘　　要：茎秆是玉米植株重要的组成部分,与植株倒伏、籽粒产量密切相关。研究我国玉米茎秆性状变化趋势,探讨不同年代茎秆性状演变规律,为我国玉米抗倒伏及高产品种选育提供参考。本研究以20世纪60-90年代65个代表性玉米自交系为材料,调查植株茎高、穗位高、茎节数、穗位节、茎粗、茎秆含水量、茎秆含糖量7个茎秆性状,及其衍生的穗位系数(穗位高/茎高)和穗节系数(穗位节/茎节数),基于最佳线性无偏估计值,开展性状相关性分析及不同年代自交系茎秆性状演变规律研究。结果显示,玉米自交系间茎秆性状差异显著;不同年代的茎秆性状时代特征不明显;随着年代的更替,玉米茎高、穗位高、茎节数、穗位节呈下降趋势;20世纪60-90年代穗位高改良效果显著;80年代左右玉米茎秆粗细育种目标由粗壮型调整为纤细型,可能与合理密植、提高单产的育种目标有关;90年代,玉米茎秆含水量降低3个百分点,下降显著。总之,抗倒伏研究一直是我国玉米育种的重要研究方向,且穗位高改良效果显著,玉米茎节数、穗位节将成为玉米抗倒伏及高产研究中新的重要关注点,研究结果对玉米抗倒伏及高产育种具有重要的指导意义。Stem is an important constituent part of the maize plant,which closely affects lodging and grain yield.A study of the trend of stem-related traits of inbred lines of maize grown in China in different decades from 1960s to 1990s would provide references for maize breeding for lodging resistance and high yield.In this study,maize stem-related traits,including stem height(SH),ear height(EH),stem node number(SN),ear node(EN),stem diameter(SD),stem moisture content(MC),stem soluble sugar content(Brix),and ear height coefficient(EHc)and ear node coefficient(ENc)derived from some of them were investigated in 65 representative maize inbred lines of the different decades.Using these stem-related phenotypic data,ANOVA,correlation analysis and the trends in the different decades were studied.The results showed that there were significant differences in the stem traits among the maize inbred lines,while no significant difference of maize stem-related traits existed among the different decades;SH,EH,SN,and EN were decreasing from decade to decade;the EH improved significantly in the time period;around the 1980s,the selection criteria of maize stem thickness reversed from robust to slender stems,which might be resulted from the breeding goal of increasing yield through rational dense planting;in the 1990s,MC decreased by 3%,which was significantly different from the 1980s.Maize lodging resistance has always been an important research in China,with EH improvement coming to a significant effect,and SN and EN becoming important focuses in maize breeding of lodging resistance and high yield.

关 键 词：茎秆 茎节 穗节 玉米 自交系 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]