二战后盟总(GHQ)对日本特殊银行的处置——以横滨正金银行为例  

GHQ’s Disposal of Japanese Special Banks after World War Ⅱ—the Case of Yokohama Specie Bank

作　　者：刘凤华[1] Liu Fenghua

机构地区：[1]天津社会科学院历史研究所,天津300191

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2020年第4期13-21,116,共10页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“近代日本对华金融政策研究”(编号:15CZS036)。

摘　　要：日本明治维新后,出于殖产兴业和对外扩张的需要而设立了多家特殊银行。这些特殊银行是带有政府色彩的金融机构,它们在日本崛起乃至侵略扩张中起到了重要作用。作为主要负责日本对外贸易和国际汇兑业务的横滨正金银行,在日本侵略战争期间,利用它的银行业务辅助政府侵略,为此二战后遭到了以美国为首的盟总(GHQ)的清理。由于盟总对特殊银行的认识不准确,以及日本政府特别是大藏省的拖延和周旋,加之美国对日政策转换等因素,盟总对正金银行的处理速度较为缓慢,措施较为缓和。战后盟总对正金银行的处置,是盟总对日金融体系清理的不彻底性的典型体现。After Meiji Restoration,many special banks were set up for the needs of industry breeding,business initiating and external expansion.These financial institutions with the brand of government,played an important role in Japan’s rise and even aggressive expansion.As a special bank mainly responsible for Japan’s foreign trade and international exchange,Yokohama Specie Bank(abbr.YHB)used banking business to assist the government’s invasion during the period of the Japanese aggressive wars,so it was punished by the General Headquarters(abbr.GHQ)after World War Ⅱ-However,due to limited understanding of GHQ for Japanese special banks,and the bodies of national and obstruct willfully of the Japanese government and Treasury Department,as well as the transformation of the United States policy for Japan,GHQ led by the United States disposed YSB slowly and its measures have been moderate.The disposal of YSB by GHQ is a typical example of the incompleteness and even the without-being-thorough disposal of the Japanese financial system of the United States after World War Ⅱ.

关 键 词：特殊银行 金融政策 横滨正金银行 盟总(GHQ) 

分 类 号：F831.2[经济管理—金融学]