超大陆裂解的主要驱动力——地幔柱或深俯冲?  

The major driving force triggering breakup of supercontinent:mantle plumes or deep subduction?

作　　者：李献华[1,2] LI Xianhua(State Key Laboratory of Lithos pheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geo physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100029;Collegeof Earih and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing,100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地质学报》2021年第1期20-31,共12页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)项目“地球内部过程的地表效应”(编号XDB18030300)资助的成果。

摘　　要：晚太古代以来全球的主要大陆经历了多次聚合形成超大陆、随后裂解成多个大陆/陆块,构成了地球历史最大时-空尺度的"超大陆旋回"周期性变化。超大陆聚合主要是通过全球性板块汇聚和造山运动而形成已成为共识,但导致超大陆裂解的动力机制则是学术界广泛关注和争论的重要科学问题,目前主要存在地幔柱上升(Bottom-up)和板块深俯冲(Top-down)两个主要学派。本文回顾了这两种学派的主要地质观察证据、地球动力学数值模拟结果和模型预测,结合类地行星早期大规模岩脉分布特征和地球变质作用特征随时间的演化,探讨了Bottom-up和Top-down之间的内在关系,以及今后的进一步研究方向。Since the Neoarchean,major continents have undergone multiple times of assemblage to form a supercontinent,and later broken apart.This process seems to be cyclic,forming the largest time-space scale of"supercontinent cycle"in earth’s history.Though there is a consensus that the assemblage of a supercontinent was mainly formed by global-scale plate convergence and orogeny,the geodynamic mechanism responsible for the supercontinent fragmentation is still debated by the geoscience community.There are currently two main schools of thought,namely,the rising mantle plumes(i.e.Bottom-up)and deep subduction(i.e.Top-down).This paper reviews the main geological observations,geodynamic numerical simulation results,and model predictions of these two schools of thought,and discusses the evolution and relationship between the bottom-up and top-down processes based on the distribution characteristics of ancient large dyke swarms of the terrestrial planets and the evolution metamorphism over time,and proposes future research perspectives on this topic.

关 键 词：超大陆旋回 地幔柱 深俯冲 罗迪尼亚 潘基亚 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]