粉垄对甘蔗根系结构发育及呼吸代谢相关酶活性的影响  

Effects of Fenlong Cultivation on Root Cell Structure and Enzyme of Respiratory Metabolic of Sugarcane

作　　者：李浩 韦本辉[2] 黄金玲[1] 李志刚[1] 王令强 梁晓莹 李素丽[1] LI Hao;WEI BenHui;HUANG JinLing;LI ZhiGang;WANG LingQiang;LIANG XiaoYing;LI SuLi(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004;Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第3期522-532,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：广西创新驱动重大专项(AA17204037-4);国家自然科学基金(31871689,31460373)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨甘蔗粉垄技术增产增糖的根系细胞生理学机制,为粉垄技术推广提供理论依据。【方法】以桂糖42号为供试材料进行粉垄耕作处理(耕作深度40 cm),以常规耕作为对照(耕作深度25 cm,CK),分别测定土壤速效养分,甘蔗农艺性状及产量和糖分、根系形态、根毛区组织细胞结构、根系活力、苹果酸脱氢酶、细胞色素氧化酶等呼吸代谢相关酶活性。【结果】(1)与常规耕作相比,新植蔗土壤的碱解氮和速效磷分别增加了8.7%和17.9%;宿根蔗土壤增加了10.4%和25.6%,且不同耕作方式间同一指标差异显著;(2)粉垄新植蔗出苗率和分蘖率比常规耕作分别提高了25.0%和17.4%,宿根蔗分别提高了30.6%和11.7%。砍收时,粉垄新植蔗株高、茎径、单茎重、有效茎、产量分别提高了13.2%、17.6%、29.0%、5.3%、12.9%,粉垄宿根蔗分别增加了7.6%、22.2%、70.3%、18.7%和12.9%,且不同耕作方式间同一指标差异显著;(3)粉垄甘蔗根长、根直径、根体积、根尖数、根表面、根鲜重、根干重比常规耕作分别增加20.9%—42.3%、12.3%—71.0%、33.3%—71.0%、6.4%—61.6%,21.8%—64.1%、26.8%—64.4%和32.6%—95.3%,且不同耕作方式间同一指标差异显著;(4)与常规耕作相比,粉垄甘蔗根毛区和根毛细胞更长,根毛排列更疏松有序,根尖细胞壁增厚,细胞质、粗糙型内质网和高尔基体更丰富,线粒体数目更多且嵴清晰,细胞核结构更紧致;粉垄新植蔗根毛长度、根毛密度、单位面积根毛总长度和细胞中线粒体数目分别增加了53.3%、73.0%、111.1%和37.5%;粉垄宿根蔗以上指标也分别增加了38.9%、95.9%、82.6%和53.8%,且不同耕作方式间同一指标差异显著;(5)与常规耕作相比,粉垄甘蔗根系活力在整个生育期均显著增强,在苗期、伸长期和成熟期分别增加了1.29倍、1.39倍和1.25;(6)与常规耕作相比,粉垄苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CytcA510)和多酚氧�【Objective】By exploring the root cellular physiological mechanism on sugarcane yield and sugar content under the new farming method of Fenlong,this paper provided a theoretical basis for the promotion of Fenlong cultivation technology.【Method】Guitang 42 was used as the tested sugarcane variety,the conventional rotary tillage(CK,the depth of ploughing was 25 cm)and Fenlong cultivation(the depth of ploughing was 40 cm)were carried out to investigate the soil available nutrient,agronomic characters,yield and sugar content,root vitality,cellular ultrastructure and the enzyme of respiratory metabolic of sugarcane root.【Result】(1)The alkaline N and available P of new plant of Fenlong cultivation were 8.7%and 17.9%significantly higher than those under CK,respectively,and the alkaline N and available P of ratoon cane were 10.4%and 25.6%significantly higher than those under CK,respectively.(2)The emergence rate and tillering rate of Fenlong were increased by 25.0%and 17.4%,respectively,and regenerated sugarcane increased by 30.6%and 11.7%,respectively.Compared with conventional cultivation,the plant height,stem diameter,single stem weight,effective stem and yield of new planting sugarcane under Fenlonng cultivation increased by 13.2%,17.6%,29.0%,5.3%and 12.9%,respectively,and regenerated sugarcane with Fenlonng cultivation increased by 7.6%,22.2%,70.3%,18.7%and 12.9%,respectively.(3)The length,diameter,volume,root tip number,surface area,fresh weight and dry weight of root under Fenlong cultivation were 20.9%-42.3%,12.3%-71.0%,33.3%-71.0%,6.4%-61.6%,21.8%-64.1%,26.8%-64.4%and 32.6%-95.3%significantly greater under CK,respectively.(4)Under Fenlong cultivation conditions,root hair area and cells were longer,the root hair arrangement was looser and more orderly,the root tip cell wall was thickened,the cytoplasm,rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body were more abundant,the number of mitochondria was more and the crest was clear,and the nuclear structure was more compact than those under CK.The root hair length

关 键 词：粉垄 甘蔗 根系 细胞结构 生理 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]