优质水稻生产农药完全替代技术试验及其效果简报  

A Brief Report on Technique and Effect of Chemical Pesticide Replacement in High Quality Rice Production

作　　者：赵旭[1] 于凤泉[1] 朱茂山[1] 曹凤有 许建国 孙富余[1] ZHAO Xu;YU Feng-quan;ZHU Mao-shan;CAO Feng-you;XU Jian-guo;SUN Fu-yu(Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Donggang Demonstration Breeding Farm,Dandong Liaoning 118322,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省东港市示范繁殖农场,辽宁丹东118322

出　　处：《北方水稻》2021年第1期11-15,43,共6页North Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“北方水稻化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200200)。

摘　　要：辽宁省东港市是我国最适于优质水稻越光生长的生态地区。针对当地为水稻病虫草害常发和重发生地区,严重制约了优质水稻的高产,按有机产品生产国家标准的规定,制订了病虫草害的化学农药完全替代防控技术预案,并在2019年开展试验。对年度发生最重的3类病虫草害,放养河蟹的生物除草技术防除杂草,防除效果达93%,与化学除草剂的效果相当,稍优于机械除草有机生产的效果;施用绿僵菌防治稻水象甲,防治效果为70%左右;施用植物源农药苯丙烯菌酮防治稻瘟病穗颈瘟,防治效果为76%。稻谷和精米产量较机械除草有机生产分别增产199 kg和92 kg/667 m^2,节支防控费用110元/667 m^2,稻米销售增收1715元/667 m2,共节支增收1825元/667 m^2,效果显著。化学农药完全替代技术的应用,将为优质水稻生产防控病虫草害,提高产量提供保障。It was an eco-region where high quality rice cultivar Koshihikari grew fittest,and it was a representative region for rice pests(diseases,insects and weeds)occurred popular and severe in Donggang,Liaoning Province,China.The pests restricted seriously high quality rice production.According to the rules of national standard about ogranic production,prediction schemes of technique of chemical presticide replacement for all pests control were worked out and were tested in 2019.Aiming at 3 serious pests in this year,biological weed control with breeding river crab,93% control effect was got,and was equivalent to application herbicides and was inferior to weeding by machine,appliction of green suscardine fungus(Metarhizium anisopliae)to control rice water weevil(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus),about 70% control effect was achieved,application botanical pesticide Isobavachalcone to control panicle blast(Pyricularia oryzae),76% control effect was reached.Yield of rough rice and head rice increased 199 and 92 kg/667 m^2 respectively than hibit organic rice production,and saved cost of control 110 yuan,raised imcome by selling head rice 1715 yuan/667 m^2.Total increase revenue and reduce expenditure was 1825 yuan/667 m^2,remarkable economic results have been achieved.By the technique of chemical pesticide replacement,it can ensure pest controlling effect and yield in high quality rice production.

关 键 词：优质水稻生产 病虫草害防控 化学农药替代技术 

分 类 号：S47[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]