基于深地震测深的深部动力学研究方法和应用  

Deep dynamic research method and its application based on the deep seismic sounding

作　　者：宋向辉 田晓峰[2] 刘少峰[1] 王帅军[2] 杨宇东[2] SONG Xianghui;TIAN Xiaofeng;LIU Shaofeng;WANG Shuaijun;YANG Yudong(China University of Geosciences,Beijing,10008;China Earthquake Administration Geophysical Exploration Center,Zhengzhou,450002)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《地质论评》2021年第1期193-208,共16页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(编号:41774071)的成果。

摘　　要：深地震测深是探测壳幔岩石圈精细速度结构、探讨岩石圈变形和演化过程的一种有效方法,在青藏高原隆升、克拉通裂解等大陆动力学研究中已发挥了重要的作用。然而,地震测深方法与深部动力学研究的结合尚处于现象描述为主的状态。因此,本文对前人利用深地震测深资料进行深部动力学研究的相关方法进行了回顾与总结:宽角反射/折射地震震相特征具有明显的动力学响应,是进行动力学研究的基础;通过速度结构对比可以确定不同地壳速度结构模型所对应的构造单元及其演化过程,地壳厚度和泊松比等参数可以用于地壳变形模式的讨论,壳内高速和低速异常体反映了不同动力学过程对地壳的改造;人工地震S波资料与Pn波速度可以用于壳幔各向异性的研究,为动力学演化过程研究提供独立的观测证据;运用现代构造解析方法可以构建不同的地壳结构—动力型式,进而通过壳幔结构的解构恢复岩石圈演化过程;此外,地震测深资料可以约束地壳成分结构,为动力学数值模拟提供岩石流变参数等资料。本文对于充分挖掘深地震测深资料在动力学研究中的应用价值至关重要,对于加强地震测深同其他学科的交叉研究也具有重要意义。Deep seismic sounding(DSS)played crucial role in the crustal and mantle velocity structure detection,crustal deformation analysis and dynamics research of plateau uplift and craton destruction.However,the deep dynamic research with DSS data is still limited at the results description stage.For this reason,this paper summarizes the continental dynamic research methods based on the deep seismic sounding data.Results show significant and dramatic application of DSS data in the dynamic research.Wide angle reflection and refraction seismic phases are notable respond to dynamic process and lay the foundation of dynamic research.Crustal velocity contrast and analysis is important to verify the tectonic units and its evolution.Crustal factors,including thickness,Poisson’s ratio,velocity,especially the abnormal velocity zones,can provide insight to the crustal growth and deformation.Moreover,the phenomenon of S-wave split and Pn velocity versus azimuth are identified as seismic anisotropy indication and provide independent evidence for the dynamic research.With modern structure analytical methods,crustal structures models can be divided into three types of crustal-dynamical styles,and then the lithosphere evolution could be inferred from deconstruction of the models.Furthermore,DSS data provide constraints on the reconstructing petrologic composition modeland supply key factors of temperature and rheological properties for the dynamic simulation.This paper is essential to excavate the potential value of DSS data in dynamic research,as well as to link the DSS a close association with other geosciences disciplines.

关 键 词：深地震测深 震相分析 地壳速度结构 地震各向异性 构造解析 地壳成分 大陆动力学 

分 类 号：P315.2[天文地球—地震学]