中国国民心理健康素养的现状与特点  

The status quo and characteristics of Chinese mental health literacy

作　　者：江光荣[1] 李丹阳 任志洪[1] 闫玉朋 伍新春 朱旭[1] 于丽霞[3] 夏勉[1] 李凤兰 韦辉[1,5] 张衍 赵春晓 张琳[1] JIANG Guangrong;LI Danyang;REN Zhihong;YAN Yupeng;WU Xinchun;ZHU Xu;YU Lixia;XIA Mian;LI Fenglan;WEI Hui;ZHANG Yan;ZHAO Chunxiao;ZHANG Lin(School of Psychology、Central China Normal University,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU),Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430079,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University),Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Mental Health Education Center,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;College of Marxism,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Department of Education,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院、青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室、湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室 [2]北京师范大学心理学部,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学),北京100875 [3]华中师范大学心理健康教育中心,武汉430079 [4]华中农业大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070 [5]江汉大学教育学院,武汉430056 [6]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《心理学报》2021年第2期182-198,I0001,I0002,I0003,共20页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目(16ZDA232)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以系统的全国抽样调查方式,了解我国国民心理健康素养现状。结果显示,我国成年公众的心理健康素养总体处于中偏低水平;其发展水平在地域、人口学分布上比较均衡;在结构上,公众心理健康素养的发展表现出心理健康维护和促进的素养高于心理疾病应对的素养,自助的素养高于助人的素养两个特点。调查还发现,个体心理健康素养中,知识观念部分个体差异较大,态度和习惯部分个体差异较小;在心理健康素养的社会性影响因素方面,社会经济地位是所考察变量中效应最大的因素,且其对素养的知识观念方面影响较大,对素养的态度习惯方面影响较小。调查结果提示,要充分认识心理健康素养提升任务的艰巨性;在实践策略上,宜以提升心理疾病应对的素养作为当前的工作重点和突破口。Based on a new conceptual frame of mental health literacy(MHL),which refers to two structural dimensions including“coping with mental illness–mental health promotion”and“self–others”and three aspects including knowledge,attitude,and behavior tendency,a systematic nationwide sampling survey was conducted for the purpose of understanding the mental health literacy profile of the Chinese.This study further explored the influences of four group variables(geographical and gross domestic product(GDP)distribution,basic demographic variables,socio-economic status,and mental health background)on mental health literacy.Another aim of this study was to provide some strategies for improving mental health literacy more effectively.The Chinese Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire and Basic Background Information Questionnaire were used to assess the mental health literacy levels of the Chinese and their influencing factors.The Chinese Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire contains six sub-scales(knowledge and concepts related to mental health,knowledge and concepts related to mental illness,attitudes and behavior tendency to maintain and promote one’s mental health,attitudes and behavior tendency to cope with one's mental illness,attitudes and behavior tendency to maintain and promote the mental health of others,and attitudes and behavior tendency to cope with the mental illness of others).The questionnaires were administered to 8866 Chinese adults in nine cities(Beijing,Wuhan,Chengdu,Lishui,Kaifeng,Guilin,Zhangye,Baoding,and Linfen),which covered the well-developed,developing,and less-developed regions in China.With a balanced development considering geographical and GDP distribution,the results indicated that the mental health literacy levels among adults in different cities were low to moderate.Their influences on mental health literacy were small but significant with respect to geographical distribution,gender,age,familiarity with professional mental health service,and the frequency of contact with psychiatric

关 键 词：心理健康素养 现状调查 群体差异 

分 类 号：R395[医药卫生—医学心理学]